In response to the common problems of myopia, overweight and obesity, abnormal spinal curvature, and mental health among students, the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention recently released the "Technical Guidelines for Common Diseases and Multiple Diseases Prevention among Students" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines"), aiming to improve the efficiency of monitoring and intervention of common diseases among students through behavioral and environmental interventions, achieve multiple diseases prevention, and protect their physical and mental health. The "Guidelines" for the first time clarify the concept of "multi disease co prevention" for common diseases among students. The student population has various diseases or health problems such as myopia, overweight and obesity, abnormal spinal curvature, and mental health problems, which have common public health influencing factors. Through behavioral and environmental interventions, common diseases and multiple diseases among students can be prevented together. The same individual may suffer from two or more diseases or health problems at the same time, and various diseases or health problems may not be related to each other or may affect each other. When the etiology of multiple diseases is the same or there are common risk factors, a multi disease co prevention strategy can be adopted. Lack of daytime outdoor activities and physical exercise, static behavior, sleep rhythm disorders, large social time difference, prolonged exposure to light sources at night, nutritional imbalance, and lack of parent-child communication are often common risk factors for myopia, overweight and obesity, abnormal spinal curvature, and mental health problems in student groups. By increasing physical exercise and outdoor activities, getting enough sleep and going to bed and wake up early, living a regular life, balancing nutrition, and strengthening parent-child communication, multiple diseases or health problems can be prevented simultaneously, achieving the goal of multi disease prevention. The Guidelines require dynamic monitoring of common and multiple diseases. Implement student vision screening and common disease monitoring, early screening for key diseases such as myopia, overweight and obesity, and abnormal spinal curvature, while paying attention to infectious diseases and mental health issues, evaluating the co occurrence of multiple diseases, dynamically observing the development and changes of multiple diseases, early detection of multiple disease tendencies or trends, and establishing early detection, early warning, and early intervention mechanisms. The Guidelines propose the construction of a three-level prevention and control system, including primary intervention, secondary intervention, and tertiary intervention. The primary intervention mainly focuses on promoting simple and reliable intervention techniques, while improving the school environment and strengthening health education. Secondary intervention focuses on early detection of high-risk groups, hierarchical management, and targeted intervention for key populations. Third level intervention is aimed at students who have already developed comorbidities, guiding them to professional institutions for diagnosis and treatment, and strengthening intervention efforts for key populations. (Lai Xin She)