The world's first case of autologous regenerative islet transplantation successfully cured diabetes. At present, the patient has been completely free of insulin for 33 months. The reporter learned from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Long March Hospital) that on April 30, Professor Yin Hao's team of the Academy, together with Professor Cheng Xin's team of the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Molecular Cell Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, published online the research achievement entitled "Treating a type 2 diabetic patient with enhanced pancreatic ISLET function by personalized endpoint stem cell derived ISLET TISSUE" in the international academic journal Cell Discovery. This is the first time in the world to use stem cell derived autologous regenerative islet transplantation to successfully cure diabetes with severely damaged islet function. Diabetes is a serious threat to human health. Patients with long-term poor blood glucose control can lead to blindness, renal failure, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, amputation and other serious complications, and even cause ketoacidosis or unconscious hypoglycemia to death. China is the largest country of diabetes, with 140 million patients, of which about 40 million need to rely on insulin injection for lifelong treatment. Severe patients with uncontrolled blood sugar can only be effectively treated through transplantation therapy by extracting pancreatic islet tissue from donated pancreas and minimally invasive injection, thereby avoiding the progression of complications. However, due to factors such as severe shortage of donors and complex islet isolation techniques, it is currently difficult to meet clinical needs. Therefore, how to scale up the regeneration of human pancreatic islet tissue in vitro has become a global academic challenge and has received widespread attention. Professor Yin Hao, Director of the Organ Transplantation Center at Shanghai Long March Hospital, stated that after more than ten years of research, the relevant scientific research team reprogrammed patient blood PBMCs into autologous iPSC cells and used internationally pioneering technology to transform them into "seed cells" or endoderm stem cells (EnSC), ultimately achieving in vitro reconstruction of pancreatic islet tissue (E-islet). This technology has become mature and is a major breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine for diabetes. The first beneficiary of this technique was a 59 year old male with a 25 year history of type 2 diabetes and developed into end-stage diabetes nephropathy (uremia). In June 2017, end-stage diabetes nephropathy occurred and he received kidney transplantation. However, due to the near failure of its islet function, it needs to inject insulin many times a day, and there is a great risk of serious complications of diabetes in the future. On July 19, 2021, due to concerns about hypoglycemia and concerns about the adverse effects of poor blood sugar control on the long-term survival of the donor kidney, the patient received autologous regenerated pancreatic islet transplantation treatment at Shanghai Long March Hospital. From the 11th week after the surgery, the patient began to completely withdraw from exogenous insulin. The oral hypoglycemic drugs (betamethasone and metformin) gradually decreased after surgery, and the medication was completely withdrawn at weeks 48 and 56. Currently, the patient has been completely insulin free for 33 months. Yin