According to the official website of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, the epidemic prevention and control team of the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council recently issued the Notice on the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Infection and Other Major Infectious Diseases during the May Day Holiday in 2024 and in Spring and Summer (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"), making a comprehensive deployment on the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection and other major infectious diseases during the May Day holiday in 2024 and in Spring and Summer (hereinafter referred to as COVID-19) to ensure the health and safety of the people. The Notice clearly pointed out that although the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in China is generally stable, COVID-19 is still changing, and the epidemic prevention and control work cannot be relaxed. Especially during the May Day holiday, the increase in personnel mobility and gathering activities may increase the risk of the spread of the epidemic. Therefore, all local departments must attach great importance to the prevention and control of key infectious diseases such as COVID-19. In terms of epidemic prevention and control at ports, it is required that all ports closely monitor the global epidemic of key infectious diseases, especially the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in neighboring countries and regions and key source countries, and continuously improve relevant plans and plans in accordance with the principle of "one country, one disease, one port, one policy". Implement measures such as temperature monitoring, medical patrol, epidemiological investigation and medical screening of entry personnel, do a good job in sampling COVID-19 nucleic acid of entry personnel, strengthen the health quarantine of entry personnel from countries and regions with high incidence of disease and those with abnormal health declaration, issue a "Convenient Medical Card" to those with abnormal quarantine, and do a good job in informing health risks. At the same time, the Notice also emphasizes the importance of monitoring, early warning, and investigation and disposal, requiring all regions to continuously implement multi-channel monitoring and timely grasp the epidemic characteristics and development trends of infectious diseases. Once an epidemic occurs, early detection, reporting, and disposal should be achieved. In terms of medical treatment, various regions should prepare for medical treatment according to the local epidemic situation of infectious diseases in spring and summer, improve the ability of medical personnel to identify and diagnose infectious diseases, and ensure the smooth and orderly medical services during the May Day holiday. In addition, vaccination is also regarded as one of the key tasks. All regions are required to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of the vaccination rate around the goal of the national immunization plan that the vaccination rate should not be less than 90%, and continue to promote the vaccination of key populations with COVID-19 vaccine containing the antigen component of XBB variant, and strictly achieve "three inspections, seven verifications and one verification". The Notice also puts forward specific requirements for epidemic prevention and control in key institutions, such as elderly care, daycare, schools, and social welfare, to reduce the risk of epidemic transmission. In terms of epidemic prevention and control during travel and tourism activities, it is required that all regions guide passenger stations and tourist attractions to do a good job of cleaning, disinfection, ventilation, and air exchange, and advocate for passengers to wear masks scientifically. Finally, the "Notice" emphasizes the importance of publicity, education, and organizational leadership, requiring all regions to timely release epidemic information, provide scientific interpretation and health reminders, and tighten the responsibilities of party committees, governments, departments, government agencies, enterprises, institutions, and individuals at all levels in epidemic prevention and control. (Lai Xin She)