Marxism and excellent traditional Chinese culture are the "soul" and "root" of our construction of modern Chinese civilization, laying the foundation for modern Chinese civilization. On this basis, the Chinese nation has formed its own unique concept of civilization in different dimensions such as human beings, people to people, people to nature, and country to country. In the process of constructing a modern Chinese civilization with national responsibility, historical consciousness, and human value, it presents four dimensions: subject civilization, shared civilization, ecological civilization, and world civilization. The comprehensive development of the subject civilization ultimately boils down to human civilization, and the level of civilization development is historically consistent with the level of human development. The construction of modern civilization of the Chinese nation, in its primary sense, is to promote the free and comprehensive development of human beings with a high degree of historical consciousness in the new practice of civilization. As modern Western civilization unfolds, the true subject of history is not the human being itself, but the active capital. Capital has gained independence and individuality, while active individuals have lost their independence and individuality, and human destiny is always abstractly controlled by capital. This modern civilization was regarded by Engels as "hidden slavery" or "the most fully developed slavery in the civilized era.". In this situation, people lose their subjectivity and are merely an objective existence of "active" capital. On the one hand, capitalism has turned human material civilization into a carnival of material desires, and concepts such as "objectification", "objectification", and "fetishism" represent the alienation of modern human existence; On the other hand, every progress in production is also a regression in the living conditions of the oppressed class, that is, the majority. Although capitalist civilization constitutes the initial and even universal form of modern civilization, it does not constitute the ultimate and overall fate of the situation and needs to be abandoned by humanity. Marx believed that the changes in human society generally go through three stages: ancient society - the stage of complete dependence of humans on nature; Modern society - the stage of human independence based on material dependence; Future society - a stage of freedom and individuality based on the comprehensive development of individuals and their shared social production capacity becoming subordinate to their social wealth. In the excellent traditional Chinese culture, there is always a pursuit of complete personalities such as "learning to become an adult", "gentleman personality", "inner sage and outer king".