In recent years, with the rapid development of space information science, computer technology, remote sensing technology, 5G, artificial intelligence, and other fields, the application of new technologies and equipment in railway planning and design has become increasingly widespread. The entire process of survey, route selection, and design can be digitized and intelligent, which greatly reduces labor costs, shortens the design period, and makes railway design more efficient, convenient, and accurate. How was a railway designed? You should know that for a 100 kilometer railway line, there are hundreds of categories of control factors. If the space of the line is drawn as a three-dimensional Go board, there are billions of grids. So, to complete such design work, in addition to trekking through mountains and rivers, enjoying the outdoors, burying oneself in drawing, and working tirelessly, what new tools and methods can designers now rely on? Entering the railway design institute, the reporter heard new words such as Beidou positioning, oblique camera, digital earth, intelligent design, and saw various new technologies. Following the footsteps of railway designers, the reporter experienced the design process of modern railways on site. From visual measurement to unmanned aerial vehicle and unmanned ship automatic survey, I saw Zhao Yaxiang, the leader of the survey technology team of China Railway Fourth Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., in front of a large mountain. Surveying the longitude and latitude of the earth, surveying thousands of miles of mountains and rivers. Railway design and survey are outposts. "Considering that the railway may pass through this area, let's first feel the situation and take a look at the mountain terrain." Zhao Yaxiang finished speaking and bent down to open his large suitcase, taking out a drone. "In the past, we had to climb up to survey, but now we can operate the drone to fly over and take a look." Zhao Yaxiang introduced that the drone used for survey is equipped with a stereo camera with five cameras, which can capture images from multiple angles in one flight. After these images are transmitted to the cluster computing center in the background, they can be automatically converted into 3D data. In less than half an hour, the drone successfully returned and the information on the mountain peak has been collected. "This efficiency, I dare not even think about it before," Zhao Yaxiang sighed. At the beginning of the 20th century, the commonly used work kit for railway surveyors was "two boxes and one board". A box of survey and design data, a box of clothes and blankets, a template placed on two boxes, tools such as simple measuring tape, total station, level, etc. In the past, there were often three major difficulties in surveying: complete surveying, accurate surveying, and fast surveying. In terms of data processing, there were also problems such as lack of intelligence, lack of intuitive expression, and only two-dimensional geometric information. In recent years, with the rapid development of space information science, computer technology, remote sensing technology, 5G, artificial intelligence, and other fields, there has been significant progress in surveying and mapping science and technology. Especially after the completion and operation of China's independently developed BeiDou navigation system, it has provided solid support for intelligent surveying. It is in this context that laser point cloud equipment, airborne and ground LiDAR, aerospace remote sensing surveying and mapping technology, large-scale 3D realistic digital model production technology, railway rapid measurement vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles and ships, and other technologies and equipment are widely used in surveying, promoting the continuous development of intelligent surveying. According to Fei Liang, Chief Engineer of the Digitalization Institute of the Survey Institute of China Railway Fourth Institute, fixed wing large unmanned aerial vehicles are generally used for long-distance and large-scale geographic information collection. They can fly hundreds of kilometers at a time and collect full line data in one week; Small scale precise data collection is adopted