The inheritance of traditional Chinese opera art schools should adhere to the principles of integrity and innovation
2024-03-20
The emergence of traditional Chinese opera schools is based on the prosperity of opera genres, the large number of practitioners, and the large audience. It is a product of the development of traditional Chinese opera art to a certain historical stage and has played a crucial role in the prosperity of traditional Chinese opera. With the emergence of genres, the performance form of traditional Chinese opera has also undergone certain changes, and the inheritance of genres has become the main way for the development of various genres. At present, how traditional Chinese opera schools adhere to tradition and innovate is directly related to the development of Chinese opera art. The emergence of diverse theatrical genres in artistic practice is closely related to the flourishing performance practice of traditional Chinese opera genres. Especially in the "Flower Elegance Controversy", local opera emerged, Beijing opera took shape, and a variety of theatrical genres and arts emerged. Why do opera genres emerge at this time? Firstly, the assignment of roles and further classification and refinement led to the emergence of genres. As the earliest developed profession in Peking Opera, Shengxing had Cheng (Changgeng), Zhang (Erkui), and Yu (Sansheng) as its predecessors. Among them were Tan (Xinpei), Wang (Guifen), and Sun (Juxian), the old and new three schools of Peking Opera. Later, there were Yu (Shuyan), Yan (Jupeng), Gao (Qingkui), Ma (Lianliang), Zhou (Xinfang), and so on; Afterwards, Dan Xing's art flourished, and the four famous Dan artists, Mei (Lanfang), Cheng (Yanqiu), Shang (Xiaoyun), and Xun (Huisheng), emerged; In addition, the development of the clean and ugly lines fundamentally defined the structure of the performing arts of Peking Opera, which is the unique image faction of Peking Opera gradually formed through the norms and formation of the character line. The group photo of the "Four Famous Dans" of Peking Opera (starting from left: Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, Mei Lanfang, Xun Huisheng) is followed by the standardized stage performance system of traditional Chinese opera performance art, which gradually matured and formed during this stage. The performance norms formed in the inheritance of stage art, including stage movements, singing techniques, music scores and melodies, as well as facial makeup and makeup, have been continuously improved by generations of opera artists. Among them, vocal tone is one of the most distinctive and representative characteristics among the genres of traditional Chinese opera, which has gone through a development process from vocal tone to genre. At this stage, the Banqiang opera genre represented by Pi Huang was extremely popular. Compared to the Qupai opera represented by Kunqu, they were more free in vocal art creation. Actors can combine their own vocal characteristics to release more changes in their vocal performance, thus producing different personal vocal characteristics. This genre of traditional Chinese opera, which originated from individual actors, emerged. The emergence of traditional Chinese opera genres was not achieved overnight, but rather formed through a rich process of artistic practice. The Peking Opera Qi School, represented by Zhou Xinfang, has more than 30 representative plays, and some schools can even be linked to the plays, such as Tan School's "Dingjun Mountain", Yu School's "Qingguan Book", Cheng School's "Lock Lin Bag", etc. The singing style of the actors is based on the continuous appearance of these works, which has generated a sustained response among the audience and thus formed their own school. The formation and stability of artistic styles in various schools are closely related to the "celebrity selection system" behind them. "Famous actor selection system" refers to a system of arranging artistic production and performances in a theater troupe or troupe, with the main actors as the center. This system allows actors to configure and optimize their roles in a highly competitive opera ecosystem
Edit:GuoGuo Responsible editor:FangZhiYou
Source:gmw.cn
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