The two unwavering principles refer to the unwavering consolidation and development of the public sector economy, as well as the unwavering encouragement, support, and guidance of the development of the non-public sector economy. Implementing the "two unwavering principles" requires taking effective measures to expand market demand and continuously optimizing the business environment. We need to ensure that demand growth and fair competition mechanisms benefit private enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. Since the reform and opening up, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have vigorously promoted the improvement of the operating environment for private enterprises. The private economy has shown a trend of growth that keeps pace with the times, and some private enterprises have become industry leaders and leaders in specific fields. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the mechanism for small and medium-sized enterprises to access financial resources has undergone historic changes. At the end of 2023, the balance of loans for inclusive small and micro enterprises in China reached 29.06 trillion yuan, an increase of 23.27% compared to the beginning of the year; The average interest rate for newly issued inclusive small and micro enterprise loans was 4.78%, a decrease of 0.47 percentage points from 2022. At the end of 2023, there were 212000 technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises receiving loan support, with a loan acquisition rate of 46.8%, an increase of 2.1 percentage points from the end of the previous year. Last year, the National Development and Reform Commission established the Private Economy Development Bureau, and some local governments have also established similar departments with the aim of strengthening regulatory coordination based on the problems encountered in the development of private enterprises, and implementing the major policy of "two unwavering". On this basis, further forming a competitive development situation among various ownership enterprises still requires coordinating resources from all parties and making great efforts to optimize the overall business environment: firstly, further improving fairness in market access, factor acquisition, fair law enforcement, and rights protection. The regulatory standards should only be based on whether the enterprise has legal access and whether it operates legally, and other standards should not be added. We need to further improve the convenience of private enterprises in obtaining loans, issuing bonds and stocks, and enable them to access financial resources in accordance with market competition principles. We need to strengthen the classification assistance and support for individual industrial and commercial households, so that these "capillaries" of economic operation can maintain vitality and sustainable development. We need to concentrate on rectifying phenomena such as government departments, industry associations, etc. that engage in arbitrary fees, fines, assessments, and evaluations. We also need to strengthen the self-protection ability of private enterprises, enhance their legal awareness, and encourage them to protect their legitimate rights and interests. The second is to strengthen the degree of openness and integration of national major projects, major projects, and specific fields with private business entities. We should encourage non-public ownership entities that meet the requirements to play a role in national major construction projects, major industrial projects, and specific fields, leveraging their advantages in technology, capital, human resources, management, circulation, and operation. Encourage state-owned enterprises to deliver business on the relevant industrial chain to small and medium-sized private enterprises that meet the requirements for participation, and form integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises, state-owned capital, and various types of enterprises