"At the beginning of the infection, there were no symptoms such as fever, sore throat, runny nose, and sneezing, but I had been coughing for almost a month." After being infected with H1N1 and Mycoplasma, Zhou Xiaoli (pseudonym), who was in the recovery period, recently went to Beijing First Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital for registration and consultation. After carefully understanding the condition, the doctor prescribed a cough suppressant and expectorant drink, as well as tea drinks made from dried tangerine peel, licorice, and fatty sea. "I hope I can recover as soon as possible and happily return to my hometown for the Spring Festival," said Zhou Xiaoli. The 2024 Spring Festival travel officially began on January 26th. During this period, there has been an increase in population mobility and gathering activities, leading to an increased risk of respiratory infections. On social media platforms, many netizens are also closely monitoring the situation of respiratory infections. How to prevent respiratory infectious diseases scientifically during the Spring Festival? Dr. Fan Maorong, Chief Physician of the Pulmonary Disease Department at Xiyuan Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, recommended the "three piece set": masks, vaccines, and early sleep. "Wearing masks scientifically is an effective measure for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases." Fan Maorong said that during the Spring Festival holiday, it is recommended to wear masks when traveling to crowded and relatively enclosed places, such as shopping malls and supermarkets, and when taking public transportation such as subways, buses, trains, etc. In particular, people with weak resistance, such as the elderly, children, and patients with chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and lung disease, should pay special attention to wearing masks to reduce the risk of infection. Fan Maorong said that influenza, COVID-19 and other diseases are acute respiratory infectious diseases. For such diseases, vaccination is the main means of prevention. In addition, it is recommended that elderly people and patients with underlying diseases receive pneumococcal vaccines to prevent the occurrence of pneumonia. During the Spring Festival holiday, it is rare for family and friends to gather, and many people may disrupt their sleep rhythm, causing day and night to turn upside down. Regarding this, Fan Maorong said that staying up late and irregular daily routines can lead to an increased inflammatory response. Inflammatory response is a way for the immune system to combat infection, but when the inflammatory response persists for too long or becomes overly activated, it can have a negative impact on the body, making it more susceptible to respiratory pathogens. "Staying up late and irregular lifestyle habits may also lead to other health problems, such as fatigue, digestive problems, etc., further affecting the overall health status, making the human body more susceptible to respiratory pathogens." Fan Maorong emphasized. Nowadays, many people have developed the habit of washing hands and ventilation frequently. Fan Maorong reminds that these good habits still need to be maintained, which can effectively reduce the risk of respiratory disease infection and transmission. (Lai Xin She)