On June 19, 2023, Lianhua Central Primary School in Jiande City, Zhejiang Province held the "Mobile Science and Technology Museum" on campus activity, and students were conducting experiments. On November 10, 2023, students from Beijing No.2 Middle School were making and launching a water rocket. On December 3, 2023, during the 4th Tianjin Youth Science Popularization Education Seminar, middle school students experienced scientific experiments. Photo by Liu Dongyue/Guangming Photo: What other uses can these parts from the waste station come from an old washing machine's timing knob, a 12V battery for a motorcycle, and three sets of tail lights for old tricycles? Wang Zizhu, a fourth grade student at the Central Primary School in Laifu Town, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, was instructed by science teacher Xiao Bing to transform them into a "dual control switching traffic light demonstrator" for classroom teaching. "The student repeatedly pondered and experimented, ultimately achieving success. During this process, she not only personally verified the scientific principles in the book, but also developed a strong interest in scientific research. This is precisely the significance of experimental teaching," said Xiao Bing. For primary and secondary schools, experimental teaching is not only an important teaching content of the Compulsory Education Curriculum Plan and Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition), but also an important way to enhance the scientific literacy of young people and cultivate innovative talents. In response, the Ministry of Education issued the "Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Experimental Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools" as early as 2019. On this basis, the Ministry of Education recently released the "Basic Catalogue of Experimental Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools (2023 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Basic Catalogue"), which lists in detail more than 900 experimental and practical activities corresponding to 16 subjects in primary, middle, and high schools. What is the current situation of experimental teaching in primary and secondary schools? What other challenges are facing? How can experimental teaching inspire young people's interest in science and exploring the unknown? The cultivation of practical ability and innovative thinking can not be separated from experimental teaching. Fang Yu, an academician of the CAS Member and the former president of Shaanxi Normal University, has deep feelings about the cultivation of innovative talents. He believes that cultivating scientific interest and practical skills during adolescence can help a person form a realistic and realistic work style, and develop innovative thinking habits. So, how to stimulate children's interest in science and cultivate their hands-on ability? "Experimental teaching is a very important tool," said Zheng Yonghe, Dean of the Institute of Science Education at Beijing Normal University, "Experimental teaching can not only help students experience the fun of scientific exploration, deepen their understanding of concepts, and develop scientific thinking methods, but also improve their hands-on practical abilities and cultivate a scientific attitude of daring to question and being willing to innovate." Zhou Yuzhi, director of the Science Education Research Center of Beijing Institute of Education, strongly agrees with this. She believes that experimental teaching is an important carrier for cultivating students' core literacy, which includes innovative practice, technological application, critical questioning, rational exploration, etc. It cannot be cultivated solely by solving problems. It is necessary to highlight practical orientation and emphasize the combination of hand and brain. She pointed out that