The winter weather is cold, with a high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. How to better prevent infection? How to recover as soon as possible after falling ill? Shen Kunling, consultant of the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases and chief physician of Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, reminds that protecting the respiratory mucosal barrier is important for preventing infection and early recovery. "Influenza virus, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus and other viruses must enter the cells to reproduce, so the health of respiratory epithelial cells is very important." Shen Kunling said that the respiratory mucosal barrier is an important barrier to prevent virus invasion. How to protect the respiratory mucosal barrier? Shen Kunling suggests that the first thing to pay attention to is drinking plenty of water and getting enough water. When there is a lack of water, the respiratory tract will quickly feel dry, and the mucosal barrier function will deteriorate. In addition, it is necessary to consume sufficient vitamins such as vitamin A and vitamin D, as well as nutrients such as protein, to ensure sufficient outdoor activities and sunlight exposure. How can people who have already fallen ill, especially children, recover as soon as possible? Shen Kunling emphasized that children with fever should never go to school with illness, because fever indicates that the infection is not under control, which not only easily spreads the disease to others, but also poses a risk of worsening the condition to pneumonia. From a therapeutic perspective, what should patients with respiratory diseases pay attention to during their recovery period? Shen Kunling believes that the recovery of children's respiratory tract requires a certain amount of time, and the cilia of respiratory epithelial cells need to grow, which is a "nurturing" process. Generally, it takes at least two weeks to a month to fully recover. During the recovery period, pneumonia patients may need nebulization therapy to further resist inflammation and promote respiratory mucosal repair. It is worth noting that during the process of nurturing, patients may also be infected with other pathogens. Therefore, in the process of recovery, attention should be paid to non pharmacological interventions, such as blocking the transmission pathways of droplets and aerosols. In the season of high incidence of respiratory diseases, it is especially important to continue to take personal protective measures, such as wearing masks, ventilation more, avoiding gatherings, and washing hands frequently. Immune modulators can also be used under the guidance of a doctor to enhance the immune system of the respiratory system. (Le Xin She) (Reporter Lin Miaomiao)