Recently, there has been a continuous cold wave in the northern region of China. Experts remind that low temperature weather can easily lead to the occurrence and aggravation of respiratory diseases, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Preventing acute attacks is very important. Patients with sudden drop in temperature and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be cautious of acute attacks. The full name of COPD is "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", which mainly manifests as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Cold and dry air is the main reason for the high incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in autumn and winter seasons. Dr. Ma Yanliang, Chief Physician of the Respiratory Department at Peking University People's Hospital: Generally, many elderly patients with respiratory diseases find winter particularly difficult. For example, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to acute exacerbation when the weather is cold and there are some viral infections as triggers. Once acute exacerbation occurs, it can be even worse for patients, as they may not be able to maintain their daily lives. Therefore, many people may be unable to move, have difficulty breathing, and even experience respiratory failure. Experts explain that cold stimulation is an important cause of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, so it is very important to keep warm. Try to wear a scarf when going out to block cold air from stimulating the airways. The haze and dust in the air also irritate the airways, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can wear masks when going out. You can drink more soup to moisturize your diet. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should pay attention to indoor air convection during the autumn and winter seasons, and open more doors and windows to keep the air fresh. If exercising, the principle is not to be too intense, not to sweat profusely, and not to exercise for too long. Experts suggest that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should regularly prepare bronchodilators, cough suppressants, and nebulizers at home for unexpected needs. It is particularly important to note that once patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develop respiratory infections, they should not use antibiotics on their own and should go to the hospital as soon as possible for blood tests and sputum culture experiments. Ma Yanliang, Chief Physician of the Respiratory Department at Peking University People's Hospital: Especially for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have poor lung function and frequent acute exacerbation, there are often special bacterial infections in the lungs, especially coughing and yellow phlegm. It is recommended to go to the hospital for a sputum culture in a timely manner. It may be possible to determine which bacteria are, especially which drugs are sensitive, and then choose a suitable medication based on the results of the sensitive drugs. After determining the symptomatic medication through sputum culture, patients should take it continuously for one to two weeks and avoid discontinuing the medication without authorization. Preventing colds and acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is caused by chronic purulent inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchi and surrounding tissues, which damage the muscles and elastic tissues of the bronchial wall, leading to bronchial deformation and persistent dilation. Typical symptoms include chronic cough, excessive purulent sputum, and repeated hemoptysis. Bronchiectasia can occur at any age, and patients with measles, pertussis, lung disease, or tuberculosis are more likely to have bronchiectasis. Winter is a period of recurrent and worsening disease in patients with bronchiectasis. Ma Yanliang, Chief Physician of Respiratory Medicine at Peking University People's Hospital: After bronchiectasis, there are many special bacteria that are easily left in the airways. Therefore, when the weather is cold, the resistance decreases, or when there is another viral infection, the original bronchiectatic lesions in the lungs will be affected