The Connotation and Era Value of the Four Sentences of Hengqu
2023-12-18
"To establish one's heart for heaven and earth, to establish one's destiny for the people, to inherit the teachings of the sages, and to open up peace for all generations" comes from Zhang Zai, a philosopher, educator, and Neo Confucianism scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty, in his book "The Analects of Hengqu". Mr. Feng Youlan referred to it as the "Four Sentences of Hengqu". For over a thousand years, the "Four Sentences of Hengqu" have shaken the world and been passed down endlessly, becoming the ideal pursuit of Chinese intellectuals throughout history. Today, we are rethinking the connotation of the "Four Sentences of Hengqu", which still holds important value and significance for building an ethical spirit of shared destiny, establishing a moral order of harmony among people, inheriting the essence of traditional culture, and building a beautiful and shared world. The philosophical foundation of Zhang Zai's exploration of the relationship between heaven and earth is to establish a heart for heaven and earth. It holds a leading and even fundamental position and role in the "Four Sentences of the Horizontal Canal". Its core connotation refers to the moral consciousness and spiritual realm advocated by the Confucian spiritual culture, which every person should possess, and the grand cosmic sentiment and consciousness of a community of life that actively integrates with all things in heaven and earth. In Chinese philosophy, the heart of heaven and earth does not mean that this heaven and earth is a conscious, perceptible, and thought-provoking existence, but rather refers to an internal dominant force in the operation of heaven and earth, the universe, and the world, or the motivation and source for the endless growth of the universe. "The heart of heaven and earth" was first seen in the hexagrams of the "Book of Changes" and "Fu": "Fu, does it see the heart of heaven and earth?" The hexagrams of the "Fu" refer to the heart of heaven and earth that is seen after the winter solstice, when the yin energy is stripped and the yang is restored. It can be seen that the heart of heaven and earth is related to the transformation and cultivation of all things by heaven and earth. Zhang Zai's explanation is that "the great virtue of heaven and earth is called life, and it is based on living organisms, which is the heart of heaven and earth." This means that the greatest virtue of heaven and earth is to give birth to and nurture all things. Therefore, the virtue of good life in heaven and earth is reflected in the heart of heaven and earth. The Book of Changes states: "The meaning of life is the same as that of the Book of Changes." Zhou Dunyi, the founder of Neo Confucianism, also experienced the meaning of life in his poem "The grass in front of the green window is not removed". Why is "life" the greatest virtue of heaven and earth and become the heart of heaven and earth? One is that "birth" endows all things with equal and free right to life. The Book of Songs states: "Born to be a common people, there are things and rules." Shao Yong said in his "Observing Things, Outside Chapter": "Animals give birth to themselves, plants give birth to their roots." This means that all things have their own rules for transformation and growth, and that they are born with harmony, and they are nurtured with nourishment. The different forms and types of life depend on the regularity of life within oneself rather than others. Therefore, all things in the world are equal and free, and humans are only participants in the popularization of the universe rather than judges. This is reflected in Zhang Zai's idea of "the people are my fellow brothers, and all things are of my kind. Therefore," birth "is a natural right, and all things in the world should be respected, respected, and cherished. Man and nature are a community of life. Secondly, "being born" is a supreme virtue. Zhu Xi said, "Ren is the heart of all living beings in heaven and earth." Zhang Zai said, "Without me, one becomes great, and with great nature, one becomes holy." This means that the heart of heaven and earth is full of benevolence and kindness, and it creates all things without anything
Edit:GuoGuo Responsible editor:FangZhiYou
Source:gmw.cn
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