The annual Arctic climate report released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on the 12th shows that the average surface temperature in the Arctic in 2023 is the sixth highest since 1900, and the summer surface temperature is the highest on record. Global warming is accelerating, and the Arctic is warming up faster than other parts of the world. The report states that increasingly frequent extreme weather and climate events are changing the Arctic. The temperature in the Arctic region is getting higher, the ice is decreasing, and the climate is getting wetter. Extreme phenomena are occurring in the weather, climate patterns, and ecosystems of some regions. Human induced air, ocean, and land warming is affecting the population, ecosystem, and communities of the entire Arctic region. The report shows that the summer high-pressure system caused widespread melting of the Greenland ice sheet and resulted in abnormal rainfall. The range of Arctic sea ice varies throughout the year, accumulating in winter and melting in spring and summer, typically reaching its lowest point throughout the year in September. The report shows that the sea ice range in the Arctic region continues to shrink, reaching the lowest level on record in September for 17 consecutive years from 2007 to 2023. The snow cover in North America hit a historic low in May this year. The heavy rainfall in various regions of the Arctic continues to break records, with the precipitation in the Pan Arctic region from 2022 to 2023 being the sixth highest on record. The report also shows that the salmon population in western Alaska is experiencing extreme conditions. From 2021 to 2022, the number of red salmon in Bristol Bay reached a historic high, but the numbers of Chinook salmon and autumn salmon in the Yukon and Cascoquim rivers reached historic lows. Both extreme situations have serious impacts on the economy and culture. (Lai Xin She)