Recently, the China Association for Science and Technology released the top ten industrial technology issues for 2023, including "How to develop high-end technology for petroleum based carbon materials". As a high-value material derived from petroleum, petroleum based carbon materials have broad application prospects in energy, environmental protection, chemical and other fields. "In the future, with the advancement of technology and the expansion of application fields, petroleum based carbon materials will play a more important role." Professor Liu Dong from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at China University of Petroleum (East China) said in an interview with Science and Technology Daily that achieving the high-end development of petroleum based carbon materials requires continuous exploration and innovation by universities, institutions, and enterprises, promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, starting from raw material refining, production processes, product quality, and other aspects, Connect the production process of high-end petroleum based carbon materials. Petroleum based carbon materials are a type of carbon material prepared from petroleum or petroleum derivatives, with characteristics such as easy graphitization, high crystallinity, high thermal stability, and excellent conductivity, despite their broad application prospects but still facing challenges in large-scale production. These unique physical and chemical properties have shown enormous application value in many fields. How to utilize the high hydrocarbon content of petroleum heavy components to prepare petroleum based carbon materials is currently a hot research topic in this field. Liu Dong told reporters that using processes such as thermal conversion or catalytic conversion, hydrocarbons and non hydrocarbon compounds in petroleum raw materials can be converted into solid materials with high carbon content and specific functional or structural characteristics. He stated that the characteristics of petroleum based carbon materials have made them widely used in various fields and industries such as aerospace, new energy, electric vehicles, information electronics, rail transit, mechanical equipment, metallurgy and chemical engineering. "Petroleum based carbon materials have high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, making them excellent materials for integrating structure and function. This is unmatched by other materials," Liu Dong introduced. With the development of technology and the increasing demand, the application prospects of petroleum based carbon materials in various fields will be even broader. In the fields of metallurgy and energy storage, petroleum based carbon materials have been widely used in the preparation of ultra-high power graphite electrodes and negative electrode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries; In the nuclear industry, petroleum based carbon materials can be used to prepare isotropic graphite for nuclear reactors. Petroleum based carbon materials can also be used to prepare asphalt based carbon fibers and composite materials. Asphalt based carbon fiber has excellent lightweight and high modulus performance, conductivity and thermal conductivity, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, and has been widely used in aerospace, vehicle manufacturing and other fields; Petroleum based carbon materials are also commonly used as reinforcements for advanced carbon/carbon composites, improving the strength and hardness of composite materials. Petroleum based carbon materials are becoming a hot topic for global research and development. However, how to improve its performance, reduce preparation costs, and achieve sustainable production is the main challenge faced by current researchers and related enterprises. Liu Dong explained that the research and production of petroleum based carbon materials require a large amount of dedicated equipment investment, and continuous equipment updates will result in high depreciation rates and corresponding maintenance costs. In addition, the uncertainty in the research and commercial application of petroleum based carbon materials is relatively high, and the expenses for research and commercialization are also significant. Before petroleum based carbon materials enter the market, they need to go through theoretical breakthroughs and repeated verification at the application level. Even through