On November 26th, the National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter. According to Mi Feng, spokesperson for the National Health Commission and Deputy Director of the Propaganda Department, as winter approaches in various regions and respiratory diseases enter a period of high incidence, it is necessary for each region to scientifically coordinate medical resources, implement a graded diagnosis and treatment system, transfer strength across departments and hospitals, play the role of medical consortia, and improve the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of general infections and the efficiency of identifying and transferring severe cases. Recently, acute respiratory diseases in China have continued to rise, which is related to the superposition of multiple respiratory pathogens. The monitoring shows that the recent respiratory infectious diseases are mainly influenza. In addition, there are diseases caused by viruses such as rhinovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, etc. Analysis suggests that the recent continuous increase in acute respiratory diseases in China is related to the superposition of multiple respiratory pathogens. Efforts should be made to increase the number of relevant consultation rooms and treatment areas, appropriately extend service hours, strengthen drug supply guarantee, give full play to the role of traditional Chinese medicine, and maximize the ability to receive patients and the level of standardized diagnosis and treatment; We should timely disclose and continuously update the information of medical institutions that provide services such as pediatrics and fever clinics to the society, leverage the role of internet hospitals and grassroots medical and health institutions, and facilitate the orderly and convenient medical treatment of the public; We need to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control in key densely populated areas such as schools, daycare institutions, and nursing homes, and reduce personnel mobility and visits. Mi Feng reminds the public to maintain hygiene habits such as wearing masks, ventilation, and washing hands frequently. He advocates for key populations such as the elderly and the young to actively receive relevant vaccines, take protective measures when experiencing respiratory symptoms, maintain social distancing, and avoid cross infection within families and workplaces. Large hospitals have dense personnel, long waiting times, and a high risk of cross infection. If there are children at home with mild symptoms, it is recommended to first seek medical treatment at grassroots medical and health institutions or pediatric departments of comprehensive hospitals. At present, the health departments of various provinces across the country have published information on local medical institutions that can provide pediatric diagnosis and treatment services on their official websites and government WeChat platforms, and will update them in a timely manner. To prevent infectious diseases, vaccines are a safe, convenient, and economical measure. Wang Huaqing, Chief Expert of the Immunization Program of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that there are currently over 40 types of infectious diseases that can be prevented by vaccines, some of which are respiratory infectious diseases. In the current epidemic of respiratory diseases, it is recommended that everyone follow the immunization program and try to get vaccinated if possible. The recent monitoring results of respiratory diseases in China show that the main pathogen is influenza virus, with multiple pathogens coexisting. Wang Huaqing said that to prevent infectious diseases, vaccines are a safe, convenient, and economical measure that plays an important role in infectious disease prevention and control. The target audience of different vaccines varies, mainly determined by the characteristics of the vaccine and the needs of disease prevention and control. The most commonly used influenza vaccine for respiratory diseases targets people over 6 months old, with a focus on the elderly, those with underlying diseases, infants, and young children. There are mainly three kinds of vaccines for the elderly to prevent respiratory diseases: influenza virus vaccine, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. When elderly people receive vaccines, they should strictly adhere to contraindications. If they have a history of allergies to the vaccine or its components, they cannot