The article emphasizes that with the deepening of the practice of ecological civilization construction in the new era, our understanding of the regularity of ecological civilization construction is constantly deepening. To summarize the practical experience of the new era in the past 10 years, analyze the new situations and problems currently faced, and continue to promote the construction of ecological civilization, it is necessary to take the ecological civilization ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era as the guidance and correctly handle several major relationships. The article points out that one is to correctly handle the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection. High quality development and high-level protection complement and complement each other. High level protection is an important support for high-quality development, and ecological priority, green and low-carbon high-quality development can only be achieved through high level protection. In the whole process of Chinese path to modernization, we must grasp the dialectical unity of high-quality development and high-level protection. We should plan for development from the perspective of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, taking the carrying capacity of resources and environment as the premise and foundation, and consciously limiting economic activities and human behavior to the limits that natural resources and ecological environment can withstand. Through high-level protection, we continuously shape new driving forces and advantages for development, focus on building a green, low-carbon, and circular economy system, effectively reduce the resource and environmental costs of development, and continuously enhance the potential and momentum of development. The article points out that the second is to correctly handle the relationship between key challenges and collaborative governance. Ecological environment governance is a systematic project that requires comprehensive consideration of the complexity of environmental factors, the integrity of ecosystems, the continuity of natural geographical units, and the sustainability of economic and social development. We must adhere to a systematic concept, grasp the main contradictions and their main aspects, take effective measures to highlight ecological and environmental issues, and strengthen goal coordination, multi-pollutant control coordination, departmental coordination, regional coordination, and policy coordination, continuously enhancing the systematization, integrity, and synergy of all work. At present, it is necessary to maintain strategic focus and continue to deepen the fight against pollution prevention and control. The article points out that the third is to correctly handle the relationship between natural restoration and artificial restoration. Firstly, it is necessary to fully respect and comply with nature, give it enough time and space to recuperate, and rely on the power of nature to restore ecosystem balance. At the same time, the limitations and limitations of natural restoration have put forward higher requirements for artificial restoration, leaving a vast space for active action. We need to organically integrate natural restoration and artificial restoration, and implement measures according to local conditions and classification, striving to find the best solution for ecological protection and restoration. Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and sands, build a comprehensive pattern of protection and management from the mountaintop to the ocean, comprehensively utilize natural restoration and artificial restoration methods, and persistently promote ecological construction. The article points out that the fourth is to correctly handle the relationship between external constraints and endogenous dynamics. A good ecological environment is the most equitable public product and the most inclusive welfare for people's livelihoods. Only when everyone takes action and fulfills their responsibilities, can we stimulate the internal driving force of the whole society to jointly care for the ecological environment, so that the blue sky, green mountains, and green waters of China can be forever present