In Africa, the China Africa cooperation project "Wancun Tong" provides stable satellite television services to tens of millions of people and expands their channels of access to information; In Latin America, Chinese and Brazilian experts have collaborated to breed and release fish fry in the Parana River and Paranapanema River basins in Brazil, establishing resilient local ecosystems; In Southeast Asia, the Chinese expert team, together with partners from Cambodia and Thailand, carried out free screening, diagnosis and treatment, and new technology promotion cooperation in the field of children's congenital heart disease... The above scenarios were staged all over the world, reflecting from different aspects the key role of scientific and technological cooperation in promoting the high-quality development of the "the Belt and Road". The first "the Belt and Road" Science and Technology Exchange Conference, which just ended in Chongqing, released the achievements of "the Belt and Road" scientific and technological innovation cooperation for the first time, and also put forward the "International Science and Technology Cooperation Initiative" for the first time, announcing the launch of the "the Belt and Road" scientific and technological innovation special cooperation plan. Cooperation to cope with global challenges In Shymkent, Kazakhstan, thanks to the implementation of the modernization of Shymkent Refinery, a key cooperation project of the "the Belt and Road" jointly built by China and Kazakhstan, this ancient city on the Silk Road has new opportunities. After the renovation, the pollutants emitted by the refinery were reduced by about 90%, and sulfur dioxide emissions were reduced by about 30000 tons. The crude oil processing capacity was also significantly improved, not only making the Chimkent refinery one of the green and environmentally friendly refineries, but also ending Kazakhstan's history of not being able to produce high-grade fuel. Climate change, energy security, food security... Currently, humanity is facing many global challenges. The "the Belt and Road" scientific and technological cooperation has become the key support for jointly building a country to meet global challenges. From November 6 to 7, the first "the Belt and Road" Science and Technology Exchange Conference was held in Chongqing. With the theme of "jointly building an innovative road and promoting cooperative development", about 800 domestic and foreign scientific and technological personnel, business leaders, government officials and representatives of international organizations attended the conference. Among them, addressing global challenges has become a hot topic of discussion among the attending guests. Complex global problems require multiple parties to participate in order to solve them together. Cooperation platforms and carriers will gather resources, professional skills, and innovative thinking to help countries work together to address the challenges they face together, "said Enkhamugelang, Minister of Education and Science of Mongolia, in a speech at the conference. The scientific and technological innovation cooperation achievements of the "the Belt and Road" released at this conference show that China has signed intergovernmental scientific and technological cooperation agreements with more than 80 co construction countries, built more than 50 "the Belt and Road" joint laboratories, built more than 20 agricultural technology demonstration centers and more than 70 overseas industrial parks in co construction countries, built 9 transnational technology transfer centers, held more than 300 technology exchange and docking activities, and promoted the landing of more than 1000 cooperation projects. In the field of food security, experts from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences went to Cote d'Ivoire, Bulgaria, Vietnam and other countries to carry out hybrid rice technology training and exchanges, and invited representatives from various countries to China for training, so as to promote the wide application of hybrid rice technology in the "the Belt and Road" countries. In the field of ecological and environmental protection, China and Tanzania cooperate to conduct joint water environment inspections, develop water environment monitoring technology methods that are suitable for local development levels, and improve the level of water environment protection hardware facilities and scientific research personnel. This is