Recently, at the Home Elderly Care Service Center in Huyuan Township, Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, elderly people used fitness equipment to exercise. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Yu reported that autumn and winter have arrived, and temperatures have decreased, leading to a high incidence of various common diseases among the elderly. What diseases should elderly people pay attention to during this period? How should protection be done? Recently, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital held a special press conference on "focusing on the health of the elderly and preventing common diseases in autumn and winter", which was answered by many experts. Hypertension patients should be alert to stroke. "In autumn and winter, the incidence rate of stroke in the elderly shows a significant upward trend. First, the temperature is lower in this period, and low air temperature is easy to stimulate blood vessels. Second, the blood pressure of the elderly tends to fluctuate in cold weather, and the risk of stroke in the hypertensive population will greatly increase." Sun Lili, deputy chief physician of neurology, reminded the elderly to keep warm when going out, Regularly monitor blood pressure closely and promptly seek medical attention if suspected symptoms of stroke occur. Stroke, commonly known as "stroke", is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by damage to brain tissue caused by vascular lesions in the brain. Sun Lili introduced that stroke has "five high" - high incidence rate, high mortality, high disability rate, high recurrence rate and high economic burden, which should be paid close attention to. The different locations of cerebral vascular lesions can lead to different clinical manifestations, such as difficulty speaking, swallowing, coughing due to drinking water, crooked corners of the mouth, limb paralysis, etc. Sun Lili reminds that when someone around her experiences suspected symptoms of stroke, people around her should assist the patient in seeking medical attention quickly. How to treat stroke? Sun Lili introduced that the treatment of stroke is divided into three stages: the first stage is emergency treatment, and the hospital provides patients with ultra early intravenous thrombolysis and intravascular thrombectomy treatment during stroke; The second stage is acute hospitalization, where the hospital conducts comprehensive examinations while treating to identify the cause of stroke; The third stage is rehabilitation treatment, where patients still need long-term oral medication after discharge to prevent stroke recurrence. Arthritis patients also need to exercise moderately. As the saying goes, "As people age, the legs age first." Wang Bailiang, the chief physician of orthopedics and joint surgery, introduced that this sentence refers to a degenerative disease - knee osteoarthritis, which actually refers to the aging and degradation of the brittle bones in the joints. When the temperature drops in autumn and winter, knee osteoarthritis is prone to develop or worsen, "Wang Bailiang reminded that the commonly used phrase" covering in spring and freezing in autumn "is actually a misconception. Elderly people should pay special attention to adding clothes to keep their knees warm. Among people over 50 years old, the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis exceeds 30%; among people over 60 years old, the prevalence exceeds 50%. It is estimated that more than 100 million people in China suffer from this disease. "Wang Bailiang said that knee osteoarthritis is a part of the natural aging process of humans, and patients do not need to worry too much. Scientific treatment is sufficient. Some patients believe that having arthritis means being unable to exercise. Is this idea correct? Wang Bailiang stated that arthritis patients can engage in sports activities such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, and other activities that require less physical activity and range of motion. These activities help increase joint lubrication and protect joint health. Meanwhile, patients should avoid jumping high