Chinese scientists have successfully constructed a high proportion of embryonic stem cell chimeric monkeys born and surviving for the first time in the world. The reporter learned from the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that this research achievement was published online in the international journal Cell on the evening of November 9 with a cover article entitled "Living Chimeric Monkeys Contributed by High Proportion of Embryonic Stem Cells". The results were published on the cover of Cell magazine. The breakthrough research provided by the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was completed by Liu Zhen's research team of the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shanghai Brain Science and Brain like Research Center, Sun Qiang's research team of the non-human primate research platform of the Center for Excellence in Brain Intelligence, and the Miguel Esteban research team of the Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Embryonic stem cells can replicate infinitely in vitro and induce multi-directional differentiation, playing an important role in the construction of model animals and other biomedical fields. Embryo injection to form chimeras is the gold standard for evaluating the pluripotent differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells. Previously, scientists had successfully constructed embryonic stem cell chimeras from mice, rats, and other organisms, promoting the development of biomedical research. However, using animal models such as experimental mice to study human diseases still has its limitations. If non human primate embryonic stem cell chimerism technology can be established, it may bring significant breakthroughs to biomedical research. However, research on chimerism of non human primate embryonic stem cells has been progressing slowly, to the extent that American scientists have concluded that monkey embryonic stem cells cannot produce chimerism. To successfully establish chimeric monkeys, the first step is to obtain embryonic stem cells with high developmental potential. To this end, the research team established crab eating monkey embryonic stem cells cultured in six different culture systems and conducted a comprehensive and systematic evaluation. It was ultimately found that crab eating monkey embryonic stem cells cultured in 5iLAF, 4CL, and PXGL systems had higher pluripotency, and stem cells cultured in 4CL systems had better passage stability and genomic stability. A study pattern diagram of chimeric monkeys. The image supply research team of the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences transferred the embryos injected with green fluorescent labeled 4CL stem cells to the surrogate mother monkeys, and the chimerism of embryonic stem cells was detected in one born and surviving monkey and one aborted monkey. Through a series of rigorous chimeric analysis processes, the research team found that embryonic stem cells contribute up to about 70% of the total number of born and surviving monkeys, while embryonic stem cells contribute about 20% of the total number of aborted monkeys. The research team found embryonic stem cells in the placental tissue of two chimeric monkeys. This indicates that primate embryonic stem cells may have unique developmental pluripotency characteristics different from rodents, "said Liu Zhen, the corresponding author of the paper. Mouse embryonic stem cells hardly contribute to placental tissue. Main members of the research team. The picture provided by the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences In addition, embryonic stem cells have also been found in the germ cells of two chimeric monkeys, which is crucial for the subsequent construction of genetic modification models based on this technology. This study strictly adheres to bioethical norms, and all experiments comply with the research guidelines of the International Society for Stem Cell Research