With the deepening of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, new technologies are constantly emerging, and the technology industry is developing rapidly. The environment for China's economic development has changed, especially the relative advantage of production factors. The importance of science and technology has comprehensively increased, and technological innovation has become the main battlefield of the game of major powers. Countries are vying to strengthen top-level design and strategic deployment, increase investment in technological innovation, actively build an innovation ecosystem, and strive to achieve a leading position in the field of science and technology. Achieving high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement is a systematic project that is related to the overall and long-term development of the country. Accelerating the optimization of the innovation ecosystem is an important lever for doing a good job in related work. It is necessary to aim to achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, create a higher quality and more dynamic innovation ecosystem, and provide strong support for promoting China's economic strength, technological strength, and comprehensive national strength to continuously enhance and enter the forefront of innovative countries. Deeply grasping the importance and urgency to accelerate the realization of high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement is the only way to promote high-quality development. Promote technological innovation from focusing on the speed and quantity of development to focusing on the quality and optimization of ecology, and make practical efforts in building a higher quality and more dynamic innovation ecosystem. A vibrant innovation ecosystem is formed by the interaction of various elements. The innovation ecosystem is based on the innovation environment, with innovation subjects, innovation resources, and innovation mechanisms as core elements. Through the effective allocation and application of resources and elements, as well as the optimization of the production, flow, and application of scientific and technological knowledge, the production capacity of the system is formed. To promote technological self-reliance and self-improvement, it is necessary to fully tap the potential of innovative entities, and continuously stimulate the vitality of universities, scientific research institutions, enterprises, and innovation and entrepreneurship service institutions to explore innovation according to the needs of technological development; We need to strengthen the sharing and circulation of innovative resources, promote resource integration and optimization, increase resource investment in original innovation, strengthen the gathering and cultivation of innovative talents, and lay a solid foundation for becoming a world science and technology powerhouse; We need to continuously improve the innovation mechanism, ensure effective collaboration between innovation entities and innovation resources, and make efforts in overall coordination to enhance the operation of the innovation ecosystem