Autumn and winter weather gradually cools down, which is a high incidence period of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Sudden drops in temperature can easily cause vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure, and may even cause local blood flow obstruction, leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents in elderly people, such as stroke. Regular self screening of risk factors for stroke (commonly known as "stroke") is an acute cerebrovascular disease, which is a group of diseases caused by sudden rupture or blockage of blood vessels in the brain that prevents blood from flowing into the brain and causes brain tissue damage. It is usually divided into two categories: ischemic stroke (i.e. cerebral infarction) and hemorrhagic stroke (i.e. cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage). In China, stroke is the first cause of death among residents and also the leading cause of adult disability. According to the "China Stroke Center Report 2020", the number of stroke patients among people over 40 years old in China in 2020 was about 17.8 million, bringing a heavy burden to families and society. It can lead to limb paralysis, speech disorder, dysphagia, cognitive disorder, mental depression, etc. It has the characteristics of high incidence rate, high recurrence rate, high disability rate, high mortality rate, and heavy economic burden. Stroke is preventable and controllable, "said Professor Lu Zhengqi, director and professor of neurology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University." Elderly people should pay attention to keeping warm during the autumn and winter seasons to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. In addition, it is necessary to control blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids regularly, conduct self screening of stroke risk factors, and actively treat related diseases. Preventing stroke and controlling weight are very important. Overweight and obese individuals can reduce weight through measures such as a healthy lifestyle, good dietary habits, and increased physical activity, which is beneficial for controlling blood pressure and reducing stroke risk. In addition, with the growth of age, the incidence rate of Parkinson's disease gradually increases. It is a common degenerative disease of the nervous system in middle-aged and elderly people. Public data shows that the prevalence of Parkinson's disease among elderly people aged 65 and above in China is 1.7%. When it comes to Parkinson's disease, many people's first reaction is "trembling". Peng Fuhua, deputy director and professor of neurology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University, introduced that the core symptoms of Parkinson's disease are actually slow movement and limb stiffness. Some patients also exhibit non motor symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental symptoms, which also require vigilance. Doctors remind that early detection and treatment are very important for Parkinson's patients. When these symptoms appear, timely medical attention should be sought to control the progression of the disease and avoid serious consequences related to the disease. (Reporter Liu Xinyu, Correspondent Zhou Jin'an, Zhen Xiaozhou) (Xinhua News Agency)