What did the first shaped tool in human history, the hand axe, look like? Where was the world's earliest turquoise jewelry unearthed? How did Shang Dynasty craftsmen smelt copper? The "Looking Back and Knowing the Future - Exhibition of Archaeological Achievements in the New Era" recently held at the National Museum of China focuses on the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries in China" since 2012, gathering nearly 400 newly unearthed cultural relics from 43 cultural and museum institutions. It is an undeniable feast for archaeological and museum enthusiasts. The exhibition is divided into four parts: "Towards Civilization," "Harmony among Nations," "Harmony among the Seas," and "Sharing among Different Regions." It vividly tells the origin of human beings, the origin of civilization, the formation of Chinese civilization, and the establishment and development of a unified multi-ethnic country in China, fully showcasing the significant contribution of Chinese civilization to human civilization. The origin of civilization is filled with stars, and China is one of the important regions for human evolution. As early as over a million years ago, ancient ancestors have been thriving on this land. Archaeological discoveries since entering the new era have made the development and evolution of early human beings in Chinese Mainland clearer, and provided more powerful evidence for the demonstration of China's human history of millions of years, cultural history of 10000 years, and civilization history of 5000 years. Entering the exhibition hall, the first thing to see is the hand axe and animal fossils unearthed from the Liangzi Site of Shiyan School in Hubei. The Xuetang Liangzi Site is a Paleolithic site that integrates ancient humans, paleontology, and stone products. The "Yunxian Man" No.3 skull discovered here in 2022 is the most intact skull fossil of the same era of ancient humans found in the Eurasian inland, with high scientific value. Another set of stone tools in the exhibition cabinet was unearthed at the Piluo Site in Daocheng, Sichuan. This is the largest Paleolithic site discovered by archaeology on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, with the most complete preservation of strata and the most diverse cultural types. It is also the highest Altitude Asheli Technology relic in the world, with Asheli hand axes, hand axes, and thin edged axes unearthed. The discovery of the Pilo site broke the "Movis Line" and connected the Ashelian cultural transmission belt from the Indo Pakistan subcontinent, northern and southern China, to the Korean Peninsula. It has special significance for studying the migration of ancient populations and cultural exchange and dissemination. About 10000 years ago, due to the emergence of agriculture, small settled villages emerged in various regions. As society begins to differentiate and the process of civilization origin begins, Chinese civilization gradually presents a diverse and colorful form of origin, and exchanges and gradually integrates with each other, forming a common cultural gene, laying the foundation for the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country. A large number of exquisitely decorated turquoise tombs have been discovered at the Jiahu Site in Wuyang, Henan Province. These turquoise stones, dating back about 9000 years, are currently the earliest known turquoise ornaments in the world, demonstrating the extraordinary identity and status of the tomb owner. The Xiaonanshan Site in Raohe, Heilongjiang Province unearthed jade artifacts such as jade jue, jade ring, and jade tube dating back about 9000 years, forming the earliest known combination of jade culture in China. The Jingtoushan Site in Yuyao, Zhejiang is a coastal shell mound site dating back about 8000 years. The pottery cauldron with legs unearthed here is the earliest cooking utensil discovered in the coastal areas of China to date. The Yangshao culture tooth carved silkworms unearthed from the Shuanghuaishu Site in Gongyi, Henan, the Hongshan culture stone carved human head portrait unearthed from the Banla Mountain Cemetery in Chaoyang, Liaoning, and the Jiangzhuang Heritage in Xinghua, Jiangsu