Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Collective Forest Rights System" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). The Plan proposes to establish a collective forest rights system with clear ownership, unified responsibilities and rights, strict protection, orderly circulation, and effective supervision by 2025. The "Plan" is the first important document issued by the Party Central Committee and the State Council for forestry reform and development since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. It is the basic guideline and action guide for the current and future period of national collective forest rights system reform. What is the significance of the 'Plan'? What are the highlights? How to implement it effectively? The reporter interviewed Wang Junzhong, Director of the Forestry and Grassland Reform and Development Department of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, as well as relevant experts. The continuous promotion of forest reform aims to achieve an organic and unified collective forest area that is ecologically beautiful and prosperous for the people, accounting for about 60% of China's total forest area, involving over 100 million farmers. It is an important carrier for improving carbon sequestration capacity, an important foundation for maintaining national ecological security, and an important resource for achieving rural revitalization. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council attach great importance to the reform of the collective forest rights system. "Wang Junzhong introduced that in 2008, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the" Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Reform of the Collective Forest Rights System ", and the collective forest rights reform was promoted nationwide. In 2016, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Improving the Collective Forest Rights System", which made arrangements for consolidating and expanding the achievements of reform. In September of this year, the Central Office and the State Office issued the "Deepening the Reform Plan of the Collective Forest Rights System". Deepening the reform of the collective forest rights system is to stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of forest farmers and other forestry operators in afforestation, forest protection and management, guide more social forces to invest in ecological protection and restoration, and enhance the endogenous driving force of ecological protection, "said Wang Junzhong. What difficulties will be solved in deepening collective forest reform, and what are the highlights of the "Plan"? Collective forest reform has been fully implemented for 15 years, but collective forest management is still relatively extensive, with an average storage volume of about 4.7 cubic meters per mu, only 53% of state-owned forests. The plan focuses on strengthening collective forest management and has made a series of deployments: establishing a management system based on forest management plans, implementing precise improvement projects for forest quality, and further improving the ecological benefits of collective forests. The reporter learned that the National Forestry and Grassland Administration has deployed 38 collective ownership units in 8 provinces to carry out national pilot projects for sustainable forest management, striving to improve the level of collective forest management from point to area and cultivate more and better green waters and mountains. The plan proposes to strive for the organic unity of ecological beauty and people's wealth. Collective forest resources are not only an important foundation for maintaining national ecological security, but also an important means of production for farmers in mountainous forest areas. Currently, they provide 80% of domestic timber and over 80% of economic forest products. Since the forest reform, various regions have relied on collective forest resources to vigorously develop green and prosperous industries, turning many forest specialties such as camellia, walnuts, pepper, and goji berries into major industries. In many places, barren mountains have become greener, and forest farmers' wallets have also swelled. At the same time, it should also be noted that there is still great potential for the development of collective forest resources, and the development of mountainous forest areas is still relatively lagging, making them a difficult area to achieve common prosperity. In response, the Plan has made corresponding arrangements: actively supporting industrial development, strengthening policy support,