Researchers at Northwestern University in the United States have discovered through the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that bright galaxies in the early universe may have been the product of massive star formation explosions, which made early galaxies brighter than people had expected for the "dawn of the universe". The relevant paper was published in the latest issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters. Starting from the first "sighting" of the distant universe, JWST has given people an unprecedented understanding of the early history of the universe, discovering a series of galaxies that can be traced back to the mysterious period of "cosmic dawn". But the galaxies in the infancy of the universe should have been more like "children", but they have surprisingly matured and evolved much faster than imagined. Scientists are questioning the fundamental principles of cosmology while seeking explanations from multiple sources. A new study may unravel this mystery without contradicting textbook explanations. Researchers used computers to simulate how the earliest galaxies evolved. The results indicate that in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, the formation of stars in these galaxies was different from the formation process of large galaxies such as the Milky Way, which is now ubiquitous in the universe. They found that the formation of stars in early galaxies occurred during occasional large explosions, rather than at a stable rate. This is important because scientists usually use the brightness of a galaxy to measure its size, which is the total mass of millions or billions of stars. According to this study, these galaxies may be relatively small as expected, but they will emit bright light like real massive galaxies, but the explosive process of star formation will shine brightly like real massive galaxies, giving a deceptive impression of massive mass. Researchers suggest that the flashes generated by stellar explosions can explain the very bright galaxies observed by the Webb telescope. The reason why this is so important is that the paper did not break the standard cosmological model when explaining these very bright galaxies. Contrary to the formation of stars at almost constant speeds, the star formation activity in early galaxies was intermittent, with some significant fluctuations over time. This in turn led to a significant change in their brightness, as the light seen by the JWST telescope is emitted by young stars formed in these galaxies. (New News Agency)