The digital economy era has brought about the reshaping of labor forms, which not only improves work flexibility, autonomy, and convenience, but also poses greater risks and challenges to the physical and mental health of workers. Through research, it has been found that the protection of workers' rights and interests in the digital economy era has the following characteristics: firstly, the model is flexible, and the identification of labor relations is difficult. The digital economy era has created a large number of new forms of employment for workers, such as delivery riders and ride hailing drivers. Unlike traditional employment, this employment model presents flexibility and diversity in management methods, working hours, compensation payments, and other aspects, posing new challenges to the recognition of labor relations. Once labor relations are not established, the rights and interests of workers will be greatly violated. Secondly, the boundary is blurred, making it difficult to protect offline rights and interests. With the popularization of communication devices such as smartphones and WeChat, many workers are facing the problem of "staying offline after work" and must be on standby at any time outside of work hours. The combination of workplace work and remote work is becoming more common in the current digital economy era, leading to problems such as invisible overtime and unpaid labor. The third is platform management, with increasingly precise algorithm control. The widespread use of big data has changed the traditional work organization model, and the platform binds workers to various algorithmic systems to perform precise calculations to the second, maximizing the use of workers' labor for personal gain. The most representative one is that the delivery platform drives every rider to complete tasks in the shortest possible time, taking the shortest route, sending more orders, and taking more risks. The fourth is the digital divide, which breeds hidden barriers to labor. With the development of the digital economy era, some digital vulnerable groups are gradually lagging behind in the utilization of information technology, or are not suitable for jobs that have already been engaged in but have been changed by digital technology, or are rejected by some new types of labor. The widespread application of ride hailing platforms has greatly impacted the taxi industry, especially for older taxi drivers who are unable to operate the platform proficiently, which may cause a sharp decrease in their passenger flow. Fifth, technological regulation and privacy protection are becoming increasingly severe. In the trend of digitalization, the working environment and methods of workers are gradually becoming networked, which provides convenient conditions for employers to carry out new control and supervision through digital technology. The personal privacy of workers is completely exposed, and they are controlled or even utilized by employers. In response to the above issues, the author suggests taking the following measures to solve them: firstly, improving the top-level system design. Introduce relevant laws and regulations, improve the employment model of enterprises in the digital economy era, and clarify the relationship between workers and employers. Build a multi-level social security system, improve the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of workers in the digital economy, and achieve rights relief and protection support for flexible employment personnel through institutional protection. The second is to accelerate the construction of a comprehensive and multi-channel vocational training system. Provide training on relevant digital skills for workers, continuously update and enrich their knowledge structure, promote their adaptation to the new requirements of the digital economy era, effectively improve their employment skills and abilities, and expand their employment channels. The third is to strengthen the promotion of the rule of law and interpret the law through case studies. On the one hand, it is necessary to enhance the awareness of legitimate business operations of enterprises and employ workers in accordance with the law and regulations; On the other hand, it is necessary to enhance workers' awareness of safeguarding their rights, and to be responsible for their work