Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs are an important component of the ecosystem and national space, as well as the fundamental support for economic and social development. Recently, the Supreme People's Procuratorate released a batch of typical cases of procuratorial public interest litigation to assist in watershed ecological environment protection and governance, further deepening the handling of public interest litigation cases for watershed ecological environment protection and governance. What are the difficulties in protecting and managing the ecological environment of river basins? What are the characteristics of this batch of typical cases? The head of the Eighth Procuratorate of the Supreme People's Procuratorate answered the reporter's questions. The Integrity, Synergy, and Complexity of Watershed Ecological Environment Protection and Governance Reporter: What are the particularities of watershed ecological environment protection and governance? How does procuratorial public interest litigation work? Director of the Eighth Procuratorate: The ecological environment protection and governance of river basins have unique characteristics: firstly, it is holistic. A watershed is a complete, independent, and highly integrated natural area from the source to the mouth, containing various ecological elements such as mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, and sand. The natural ecology of a watershed has integrity, systematicity, and internal laws. The second is synergy. Watersheds often involve different administrative jurisdictions, but their boundaries are different from the traditional division of administrative regions, involving the upstream and downstream, left and right banks, and nearby areas of rivers. Therefore, it is easy to form a situation where the upstream and downstream flow are different, the left and right banks are not synchronized, and the "Nine Dragons Water Control" is formed. The third is composite. A watershed is a composite region composed of natural geography and economic and social development, and the watershed ecosystem is the material foundation for human survival and sustainable regional economic development. The different carrying capacity of resources and environment and different stages of development in different regions result in varying ways and efforts to balance ecological functions and economic and social development. The above characteristics determine that watershed ecological environment protection and governance must be a long-term, complex, and arduous systematic project. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the relationship between natural resource elements and ecosystems, the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, the relationship between regional coordination and watershed system governance, the relationship between ecological environment protection and sustainable economic and social development, and promote local and global coordination, and the integration of addressing symptoms and root causes Combining the current and long-term. One is to promote the overall governance of major river basins as a starting point. The Supreme Procuratorate has established and held four consecutive forums to ensure the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, introduced 10 procuratorial measures to serve the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and pragmatically deepened procuratorial cooperation in the Yangtze River Basin; We have formulated 18 opinions on service guarantee for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Together with the Ministry of Water Resources, we have carried out special actions such as "Jointly Clearing up the Four Disorders and Protecting the Mother River" and "Water Resources Protection in the Yellow River Basin". We have held the first National Strategic Prosecutorial Forum on Service Guarantee for the Yellow River, jointly protecting the peace of the Yellow River. The second is to deepen the process of handling major and important cases. The waters of Wanfeng Lake and Nansihu Lake are connected to multiple provinces, and the upstream, downstream, and left and right banks are treated differently. The pollution has been caused for many years, and the highest level of prosecution is directly filed. The joint efforts of the fourth level procuratorates promote the joint governance of local governments. In response to the long-standing issue of ship pollution along the Yangtze River, the highest prosecution directly filed a public interest lawsuit, totaling