Beijing, August 7th (Xinhua) (Reporter Wang Kunshuo) In recent years, with the improvement of people's health awareness, the concept of "breastfeeding is good" has become a consensus among the public. However, for the special group of premature infants, how to scientifically drink "mother's milk"? During the 2023 World Breastfeeding Week, Xinhua interviewed Professor Feng Qi, the chief physician of pediatrics at Peking University First Hospital, to pay attention to the breastfeeding issues of premature infants. The treatment and management of premature infants are known as "October pregnancy" in systems engineering, and newborns with gestational age less than 37 weeks are referred to as premature infants in medicine. Feng Qi told reporters that a prominent feature in this definition is that there is no lower limit for gestational age. With the continuous improvement of the treatment capacity for extremely premature infants/very low birth weight infants in China, the available gestational age is constantly decreasing, and more and more children of small gestational age are receiving successful treatment. Feng Qi said that in the past, children under 28 weeks of gestational age may have difficulty surviving, but now there are reports of successful treatment for 22 week premature infants in China. Small in size, it is only the most intuitive feeling for premature infants. In fact, due to early birth, the intrauterine growth and development process of premature infants is missing, and the organ system is not mature. Treating premature infants is like "crossing the barrier" - breathing barrier, infection barrier, circulation barrier, feeding barrier... The smaller the gestational age and weight, the greater the difficulty of "crossing the barrier", especially for some ultra premature infants. In order to improve the success rate of treatment for premature infants, intrauterine referrals are receiving increasing attention. Feng Qi introduced that intrauterine referral refers to the early referral to a hospital with neonatal treatment capabilities when a pregnant mother is suspected of premature birth, in order to facilitate cooperation and connection between obstetrics and pediatrics. Before delivery, obstetrics should try to extend the gestational age as much as possible to buy time for treatment methods such as fetal lung stimulation and neuroprotection; After the delivery of premature infants, pediatrics can intervene in a timely manner in the delivery room to participate in the stability and resuscitation of the newborn. Feng Qi introduced that many hospitals across the country have carried out cooperation in obstetrics and pediatrics. Taking Peking University Hospital as an example, pregnant women at risk of premature birth will arrange a conversation with a pediatrician before delivery; During childbirth, the pediatric rescue team is waiting for delivery in the delivery room. The newborn is immediately intervened for rescue after birth, and then sent to the neonatal ward. If there is no timely referral before delivery, the postpartum delivery team can also be used to send the patient to a hospital with treatment capabilities. The treatment and management of premature infants is a systematic project that requires perinatal care in obstetrics, intervention from pediatrics before and during childbirth, postpartum treatment, and standardized follow-up after discharge. Throughout this entire process, close participation and cooperation from parents are required. Feng Qi added that in addition to the improvement of hardware equipment and treatment capabilities, the concept and practice of humanistic care have also been continuously strengthened in recent years, Bedside visits, kangaroo care, and home wards all provide guarantees for improving the health of premature babies. Breast milk is not only a 'ration', but also a 'good medicine'. Breast milk is the most ideal natural food for infants, and it is the first choice for newborns to breastfeed, especially for premature babies. In addition to its inherent advantages, breast milk is also helpful in reducing infections and promoting development in premature infants. For premature infants with immature development and weak immunity, breast milk is not only a nutritional "ration",