Today, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee is conducting its third collective learning, which focuses on strengthening basic research. The purpose of arranging this collective learning is to analyze the current situation and challenges of basic research in China, understand the main methods of strengthening basic research abroad, and explore measures to accelerate the development of basic research in China. Strengthening basic research is an urgent requirement for achieving high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and is the only way to build a world science and technology powerhouse. The Party and the state have always attached great importance to basic research work. After the founding of New China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a call to "march towards science". The vast number of scientific and technological workers worked hard and independently, and achieved major basic research results such as the key scientific issues of "two bombs and one star", artificial synthetic bovine insulin, breakthroughs in multiple complex variable function theory, and proof of Goldbach's conjecture. After the reform and opening up, China ushered in the "spring of science", and successively implemented the "863 Program", "Climbing Plan", and "Program 973", which significantly enhanced the overall research strength and academic level of basic research. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has placed a more prominent position in enhancing original innovation capabilities, successfully organizing a batch of major basic research tasks, and building a batch of major technological infrastructure. Major original achievements in the forefront of basic research continue to emerge. At present, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is deepening, interdisciplinary integration is constantly advancing, scientific research paradigms are undergoing profound changes, science and technology and economic and social development are accelerating the infiltration and integration, basic research transformation cycle is significantly shortened, and international scientific and technological competition is moving towards the front edge of the foundation. To cope with international scientific and technological competition, achieve self-reliance in high-level science and technology, promote the construction of a Dual circulation, and achieve high-quality development, it is urgent for us to strengthen basic research and solve key technical problems from the source and bottom. Because of this, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China highlights the need to strengthen basic research, highlight originality, encourage free exploration, make strategic arrangements, and effectively implement them. Firstly, strengthen the forward-looking, strategic, and systematic layout of basic research. Basic research is at the beginning of the scientific research chain from research to application, and then to production. Only with a solid foundation can the science and technology industry building be built high. Strengthening basic research should highlight forward-looking and strategic demand orientation, optimize resource allocation and layout structure, and provide basic theoretical support and technological source supply for innovative development. We should adhere to the "four orientations", adhere to the goal orientation and free exploration, "walk on two legs", combine the world's scientific and technological frontier with the country's major strategic needs and economic and social development goals, coordinate and follow the frontier issues raised by scientific development laws and theoretical issues abstracted from major applied research, and refine key scientific issues in basic research. We need to grasp the trend of technological development and national strategic needs, strengthen the feasibility study and selection evaluation of major basic research projects, fully respect the opinions of scientists, grasp the overall trend, and make a good "first mover" move. It is necessary to strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, promote the strategic oriented systematic basic research, the frontier oriented exploratory basic research, and the market-oriented applied basic research in an organized way, and pay attention to the leading role of the national laboratory, the organizational role of the national scientific research institutions, the main force of high-level Research university, and the role of science and technology leading enterprises as "question setters", "question respondents", and "paper readers". To excel