The utilization of crop Heterosis is an important way to significantly increase grain yield. Since the 1970s, the Hybrid rice developed by Mr. Yuan Longping mainly uses the Heterosis within the subspecies of indica rice to cultivate hybrid rice, which has achieved a substantial increase in rice production, brought about the second "Green Revolution", and made outstanding contributions to food security in China and the world. The indica and japonica inter subspecific hybrid rice has greater potential for yield increase, but the "hybrid sterility" phenomenon caused by inter subspecific hybridization, such as pollen sterility, low spikelet seed setting rate, and plump grains, has seriously hindered the use of this Heterosis. On July 26, Academician Wan Jianmin led by the Institute of Crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the scientific research team of Nanjing Agricultural University, systematically identified the loci causing pollen sterility of indica and japonica hybrids, and conducted gene cloning and in-depth analysis of genetic and molecular mechanisms for one of the most important loci, solving the mystery of rice Reproductive isolation, At the same time, the evolution of genes and their distribution in different rice germplasm resources were revealed. The research lasted for 13 years and provided theoretical and technical support for the cultivation of high-yield varieties by using the inter subspecific Heterosis of rice. The relevant research results are published in the journal Cell. The hybrid F1 between indica rice (Guangluai 4) and japonica rice (Taizhong 65) shows serious hybrid sterility, which severely limits the use of Heterosis between indica and japonica rice. There are also two subspecies of Reproductive isolation rice, indica rice and japonica rice. Japonica rice is mainly planted in the north of China, and indica rice is widely planted in the south. Generally speaking, the farther the genetic relationship between varieties, the more obvious the hybrid advantage. If super hybrid rice can be bred between indica rice and japonica rice subspecies, it is predicted that it can increase production by more than 15% compared with the existing Hybrid rice. Therefore, how to use the super heterosis between subspecies has always been concerned by breeders. However, there is a serious Reproductive isolation between indica and japonica rice, and their hybrids often show hybrid sterility, which is one of the biggest obstacles to the utilization of Heterosis. In 2018, Academician Wan Jianmin's team creatively utilized the selfish gene model to reveal the phenomenon of hybrid infertility in rice. This study is another breakthrough made by the team in the field of hybrid infertility, following the selfish gene (Science, 2018). The battle between the "saboteur" and the "guardian", Academician Wan Jianmin's team first analyzed and identified the main effect loci that caused the pollen sterility of indica and japonica hybrids at the whole genome level, and then conducted in-depth research on one of the most effective loci on chromosome Chromosome 12. Genetic analysis found that this locus is composed of two closely linked genes, which can be compared to "disruptor" and "guardian" respectively. Japonica rice (Taichung 65) and indica rice (Guanglu'ai 4) have strong Heterosis, but the pollen is seriously sterile. Among them, RHS12 is the most important locus causing hybrid pollen sterility. "Destroyer" will damage all pollen and cause pollen abortion; And the 'guardian' prevents the harmful effects of the 'destroyer', so only pollen that inherits this gene can develop normally due to protection. During the process of generational reproduction, when rice plants carrying and not carrying this pair of genes are hybridized,