Over the past decade, the global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has continued to rise at an average annual growth rate of 6 ‰, and global greenhouse gas emissions have not been effectively controlled. This is the conclusion of the Scientific Report on Remote Sensing Assessment of Global Anthropogenic Source Carbon Emissions and Terrestrial ecosystem Carbon Budget (hereinafter referred to as the Scientific Report on Remote Sensing Assessment of Global Carbon Emissions and Carbon Budget) released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing yesterday. The report used satellite remote sensing technology to assess the carbon emissions from anthropogenic sources and the carbon budget of Terrestrial ecosystem in the world and major countries, providing important scientific data for China's climate negotiations, carbon inventory and carbon neutrality assessment. To achieve the "dual carbon" goal, precise global carbon inventory (i.e. calculating the contribution of each carbon emission and carbon absorption) is a prerequisite. Satellite remote sensing can quantitatively monitor human activities or the exchange of carbon dioxide between ecosystems and the atmosphere, and is becoming an internationally recognized new generation of global carbon inventory methods. This report deployed 11 related topics for the three components of fossil fuel and industrial carbon emissions, land use carbon emissions, and Terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks with the greatest uncertainty of carbon budget in the Global Carbon Project assessment. The report shows that in the past 10 years, global greenhouse gas emissions have not been effectively controlled. Even during the COVID-19 epidemic, the trend of global carbon dioxide concentration rising has not significantly decreased. Over the past 40 years, the global trend of accelerated forest destruction has not been curbed, and forest area has continued to decrease. Global land use change generates an average of approximately 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year, becoming the second largest source of carbon emissions after fossil fuel emissions. However, by implementing large-scale afforestation Ecological engineering and land use change, China has fixed nearly 400 million tons of carbon dioxide every year, effectively reducing global land use carbon emissions. Fortunately, the carbon absorption capacity of the global Terrestrial ecosystem continues to increase. In the past 10 years, the global Terrestrial ecosystem has absorbed 13.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually on average, of which China's Terrestrial ecosystem has absorbed 1.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually, accounting for about one tenth of the global total. At the same time, the global terrestrial soil organic carbon storage is also gradually increasing. Over the past 40 years, global soil has absorbed approximately 1.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually. Thanks to the implementation of large-scale conservation tillage and ecological management measures, China has the highest rate of soil carbon sequestration, accounting for about a quarter of the global carbon dioxide absorbed. It is worth mentioning that Chinese carbon satellites can not only achieve high-precision observation of global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, but also assimilate and invert the net carbon flux of the world and major countries, that is, the net exchange of carbon dioxide between land and the atmosphere - when the net carbon flux at the national or global scale is equal to or less than zero, it reaches the national or global carbon neutrality goal. The global net carbon flux estimation deviation has significantly reduced after China's carbon satellite assimilation optimization calculation, with the annual net carbon flux estimation deviation reduced from 4.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide to 470 million tons. Wu Yirong, academician of the CAS Member and president of the Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that satellite remote sensing is an indispensable technical means for high-precision and fine resolution monitoring of the global Carbon cycle, and is of great significance for maintaining China's carbon verification. It is revealed that China will launch the next generation of carbon satellites in 2025, which can achieve higher scores