Summer vacation is often a high incidence period for accidental injuries such as drowning, heatstroke, burns, and fractures. How to give first aid when these situations occur? The full media reporter of Guangzhou Daily interviewed many experts from the burn and plastic surgery department, orthopedics department and emergency department of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, who popularized the knowledge and skills of first aid. Medical Guidance/Li Gang, Associate Chief Physician of the Burn and Plastic Surgery Department of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guo Zhuangbo, Associate Chief Physician of the Emergency Department, and Wang Min, Chief Orthopaedic Physician, Burn and scald. Keep in mind that the folk earthwork of "sending blisters by washing" is not advisable. During the winter and summer vacations, children have a high incidence of burns and scalds. Li Gang, Deputy Chief Physician of the Burn and Plastic Surgery Department of Guangzhou Red Cross Society Hospital, advised us to remember these five words in the emergency treatment of burns. First, "rush". Don't take off your clothes first. Continuously rinse the wound with cold tap water for more than 30 minutes to reduce the severity of the burn. But if it is an acid, alkali, or quicklime burn, it cannot be immediately rinsed with water because these substances will generate a large amount of heat when they come into contact with water. The residue should be completely cleaned, wiped dry, and then rinsed with cold water. The second is' detachment '. Carefully remove clothing from the burned area in cold water, but do not forcefully peel it off as it may worsen the wound. You can use scissors to cut open the clothing, and be careful to remove rings, watches, and other items before the wound is swollen. The third is' bubble '. Soak the scalded area in clean water at 5 ℃ to 20 ℃ for 30 minutes. However, it should be noted that young children should not be immersed in water for too long to avoid hypothermia or delay in treatment. At the same time, it is strictly prohibited to use ice cubes directly on the skin to avoid further tissue damage. The fourth is "covering". Cover with sterile gauze or clean cotton cloth to reduce external pollution and irritation. The fifth is' sending '. Please transfer to the hospital as soon as possible and seek medical assistance. For electric burns, the breathing and heartbeat of the wounded should be checked immediately. If the breathing and heartbeat stop suddenly, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately. Li Gang reminded that many people believe in "folk remedies", such as applying toothpaste, soy sauce, alcohol, purple medicine, red mercury, gentian violet, etc. on wounds. Little did they realize that these methods often exacerbate wound infections and affect doctors' judgment of burn depth, which is not conducive to formulating treatment plans and is absolutely unacceptable. "Hemostasis, dressing, fixation and handling are four important aspects of first aid for fracture trauma." Wang Min, chief orthopedic physician of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, introduced that there are four ways to stop bleeding: first, "direct compression Emergency bleeding control", which is suitable for temporary hemostasis when the amount of bleeding is not very large. Clean gauze can be used to directly compress the wound; The second is "finger pressure Emergency bleeding control", that is, pressing the blood vessels at the heart of the bleeding place with fingers to stop bleeding temporarily and quickly; The third is "Tourniquet Emergency bleeding control", which is mainly used to stabilize the bleeding in the great arteries of limbs; The fourth is "pressure bandage Emergency bleeding control", which is used to stop bleeding from minor injuries. "It is particularly important to note that it is forbidden to use iron wire, wire, shoelace and other fine and hard materials to stop bleeding." Wang Min reminded that when using Tourniquet to stop bleeding, the upper limb should be tied to the upper 1/3 of the upper arm, the lower limb should be tied to the upper leg, and the Tourniquet should be loose