Scientists have detected the Host galaxy of Quasar in the early days of the universe
2023-07-05
The latest observational data from the James Webb Space telescope reveal for the first time the starlight of the Host galaxy of the two fast-growing Supermassive black hole (Quasar) in the early days of the Big Bang. Astronomers from Peking University jointly led an international research team with the title of "Exploring the Starlight of Quasar Host galaxy with Redshift of More than 6 in the Early Universe", and recently published a new result in Nature. The research shows that the mass of these supermassive black holes is close to one billion times of the sun, while the mass of Host galaxy is almost 100 times of the former. This mass relationship is consistent with observations from nearby galaxies. There are Supermassive black hole in the distant universe. This observation result has not provided astrophysicists with the answer to the mystery of the universe, but has caused more confusion. Firstly, how did these supermassive black holes grow to such a huge size in a short period of time at the beginning of the universe's birth? Secondly, what is more puzzling is that the observational data of neighboring galaxies show that there is a significant mass correlation between the supermassive black holes and their host Host galaxy. However, there is a significant difference in size between galaxies and black holes. How was the connection established between the two? Did black holes evolve first or did galaxies evolve first? This is a cosmic scale "chicken lays eggs or egg lays chickens" problem. The research team began to explore these issues through the James Webb Space telescope. Launched in December 2021, the telescope aims to observe the Host galaxy and black hole in the early stage of the universe, so as to further explore how they formed and connected with each other. Before the James Webb Space telescope was put into use, the Hubble Space Telescope was the farthest to observe the starlight from the Quasar Host galaxy 10 billion years ago. It is worth noting that the current theoretical model predicts that the current age of the universe is around 13.8 billion years. The super sensitivity and super clear imaging ability of the James Webb Space telescope in the infrared band enable researchers to trace these studies back to the time when Quasar and galaxies first formed. Only a few months after the regular operation of the telescope, the research team observed two Quasar, HSC J2236+0032 and HSC J2255+0251. The light emitted by them reached the Earth after about 13 billion years - which also means that the universe was about 860 million years old when "light" occurred. After accurate graphical modeling and removing the shining light of Quasar, the image of Host galaxy is clearly visible. The team used the telescope to take spectral data and observed the characteristic spectral lines of stars in the Host galaxy, further supporting the existence of Host galaxy in Quasar. The research also broke the record of the farthest starlight detection of Quasar Host galaxy. Through the analysis of the luminosity of the Host galaxy, the team found that they are very large galaxies, whose Stellar mass is 130 billion and 34 billion times the mass of the Solar mass respectively. By measuring the velocity of turbulent gas around Quasar, scientists concluded that the black holes driving Quasar are also huge, and their masses are 1.4 billion times and 200 million times that of the sun respectively. "The mass relationship between these early black holes and Host galaxy is similar to that of neighboring galaxies, which indicates that the mass relationship between black holes and hosts has been established within 800 million years after the Big Bang
Edit:XiaoWanNing Responsible editor:YingLing
Source:Guangming Daily
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