Recently, there have been significant and joyful events in the field of scientific and technological innovation in China. On May 28th, China Eastern Airlines Flight MU9191, operated by the first domestically produced large aircraft C919, successfully flew from Shanghai to Beijing; On the morning of May 30, China successfully launched the Shenzhou 16 manned spacecraft, which for the first time included many types of astronauts, such as "space pilots, space flight engineers, and load experts". In the past 10 years, China's scientific and technological innovation has made remarkable progress, taking it to a new level. In 2022, the World Intellectual Property Organization (World Intellectual Property Organization) announced that the global ranking of China's innovation index rose from 34th in 2012 to 11th in 2022. This means that China has successfully entered the ranks of innovative countries in the world. The achievement of these achievements is closely related to our proactive deepening of the reform of the governance system for scientific and technological innovation. In the past 10 years, we have actively explored a new national system under the conditions of a market economy; In the scientific and technological evaluation system, we actively "break the four standards" and "establish new standards"; We have strengthened the national strategic scientific and technological strength; In major scientific research projects, the system of "unveiling the list and taking the lead" and "horse racing" has been implemented, giving scientists greater power to decide on Technology roadmap and use funds. The spatial layout of scientific and technological innovation in China has been continuously optimized. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, Hefei and other places are striving to move towards the international highland of scientific and technological innovation. Beijing, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and other scientific and technological innovation clusters rank among the top 10 in the world. China's scientific and technological innovation system and mechanism have been optimized, the strength of scientific and technological innovation has been reshaped, and the overall efficiency of the innovation system has been significantly improved. Both technological self-reliance and open cooperation have always been two sides of the same problem: on the one hand, the achievement of glorious technological achievements in the past is first and foremost the result of China's vast number of scientific and technological workers working hard and practicing technological self-reliance and self-reliance; On the other hand, technological self-reliance and self-improvement cannot be separated from international cooperation, especially with the rapid development of digital technology and low-carbon technology, and the interdependence and interconnection of technological innovation among countries around the world are deepening. The pace of technological globalization cannot be stopped by any force. In today's world, climate change, environmental degradation, food security, frequent occurrence of major infectious diseases, and significant challenges brought to humanity by digital technology and AI all require close cooperation among countries around the world to optimize the global scientific and technological innovation governance system. At present, China has established scientific and technological cooperation relations with more than 160 countries and regions, signed 116 intergovernmental scientific and technological cooperation agreements, and launched the construction of 53 "the Belt and Road" joint laboratories. At present, many countries and regions are using China's Beidou navigation system. The research achievements and vaccine technology of Chinese scientists in the field of COVID-19 have made outstanding contributions to the health of people around the world. Looking ahead to the future, China has established the grand goal of becoming one of the top innovative countries by 2035 and becoming a world science and technology powerhouse by 2050. We must strive for self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology