The modern industrial system is the material and technological foundation of a modern country, and the focus of economic development must be on the real economy to provide strong material support for achieving the second centenary goal. Population development is a major event related to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must focus on improving the overall quality of the population and support Chinese path to modernization with high-quality population development. Li Qiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Premier of the State Council, and Deputy Director of the Central Committee on Finance and Economics, Cai Qi, member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Secretary of the Central Secretariat, and member of the Central Committee on Finance and Economics, and Ding Xuexiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Vice Premier of the State. The meeting heard the reports of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system, and the reports of the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Ministry of Education on supporting Chinese path to modernization with high-quality population development. The meeting pointed out that economic construction is the central work of the Party, and strengthening the Party's leadership over economic work is a necessary part of strengthening the Party's comprehensive leadership. The Central Committee of Finance and Economics is an important institutional arrangement under the leadership of the Party Central Committee in economic work, with significant responsibilities and important roles. To do a good job in the work of the new Central Committee of Finance and Economics, we must fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, and focus on promoting high-quality development. We need to strengthen strategic planning, enhance system awareness, promote collaborative implementation, strengthen learning and research, and consistently implement the national development strategy. The meeting reviewed and approved the "Work Rules of the Central Committee on Finance and Economics" and the "Work Rules of the Office of the Central Committee on Finance and Economics". The meeting emphasized that accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system supported by the real economy is crucial for us to win strategic initiative in future development and international competition. We should grasp the wave of new scientific and technological revolution such as artificial intelligence, adapt to the requirements of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, maintain and enhance the advantages of a complete industrial system and strong supporting capacity, efficiently gather global innovation elements, promote industrial intelligence, greening and integration, and build a modern industrial system with integrity, progressiveness and security. We must prioritize the real economy and prevent it from shifting from reality to emptiness; Persist in seeking progress while maintaining stability and progressing step by step, and cannot be greedy for seeking foreign interests; Adhere to the integration and development of the three industries, and avoid fragmentation and opposition; Persist in promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and cannot simply exit as a "low-end industry"; Adhere to open cooperation and cannot build cars behind closed doors. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to improve industrial policies in the new stage of development, prioritize maintaining industrial security, strengthen top-level design in strategic areas, and enhance industries