Recently, the National Cancer Center and the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences published the epidemic data of malignant tumors in China in 2016 on the Chinese Journal of Cancer, and for the first time published the epidemic situation of major cancer spectrum in various provinces. There are obvious differences in the structure of cancer spectrum in different regions. Why do tumors also have the "Chu River Han Boundary"? In this regard, Hao Xishan, an academician of the CAE Member, director of the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Malignant Tumor, and director of Tianjin Cancer Research Institute, said that in addition to the geographical location itself, the human factors hidden behind the region, such as eating habits, living habits, working environment, may also be one of the reasons for the differences in cancer incidence. The "four early" of early prevention, early screening, early detection, and early implementation of standardized treatment is the key to anti-cancer. According to China's latest cancer report released by the National Cancer Center, there were about 4.064 million new cases of malignant tumors and 2.4135 million deaths in China in 2016. The data on the prevalence of malignant tumors in China in 2016 shows that the current cancer spectrum structure in China is still mainly composed of lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer, but there are significant differences in distribution among provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). For example, lung cancer ranks first in all regions except Tibet Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, and Qinghai Province; Nasopharyngeal cancer is more common in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Hainan Province; The incidence of esophageal cancer is relatively low in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangdong provinces. In this regard, Hao Xishan said that at present, China's cancer spectrum has the dual characteristics of cancer spectrum in both developed and developing countries. Cancer previously believed to have high incidence and poor prognosis, such as esophageal cancer and gastric cancer, is still at a high incidence rate level, although it has shown a downward trend. In the past, cancers with low incidence rate in China and high incidence in developed countries, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer, showed a continuous upward trend, which may be related to changes in people's eating habits, obesity, sedentary, lack of exercise and other lifestyle changes. "Due to the great differences in climate, environment, eating habits, lifestyle and other aspects among provinces in China, there are significant differences in the incidence rate of various cancers in different regions." Hao Xishan gave an example, for example, from the perspective of eating habits, colorectal cancer is related to excessive meat consumption, obesity, and lack of exercise, and the incidence rate in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas; However, gastric cancer is closely related to Helicobacter pylori infection and irregular and unhealthy eating habits. The incidence of gastric cancer in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas; The high incidence of gastric cancer in the coastal areas of Shandong and Jiangsu is related to the consumption of salted foods such as meat marinated products, salted fish, pickled vegetables, and seafood. "The key measures for cancer prevention and control in China are to carry out early diagnosis and treatment of common malignant tumors, improve the rate of early diagnosis and reduce mortality." Hao Xishan said, taking breast cancer as an example, the five-year survival rate of breast cancer patients in the areas where breast cancer census is conducted can be increased by 20% - 30% compared with those in the areas where census is not conducted, which is the result of research on macro data from multiple countries, different time periods. However, in clinical applications, due to differences in race and constitution, there should be differences in screening plans both domestically and internationally. Hao Xishan proposed that China should develop a standardized and scientific screening plan that is suitable for the characteristics of the disease among its citizens.