Technological self-reliance and self-improvement are the foundation of national strength and the key to security. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made important arrangements for accelerating the implementation of the innovation driven development strategy, calling for "accelerating the realization of high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement". At the same time, it should also be noted that China's original innovation capability is not strong, the overall efficiency of the innovation system is not high, and some key core technologies are still subject to human constraints. To achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, it is necessary to quickly solve the "bottleneck" problem. Adhere to the combination of goal orientation and free exploration. Goals guide the direction of progress, exploring and nurturing innovative opportunities. Adhering to the combination of goal orientation and free exploration, we should not only refine scientific issues from the practical problems faced by economic and social development, but also encourage scientific and technological workers to carry out cutting-edge exploration and solve key core technical problems from the source and bottom. We should prioritize the improvement of original innovation capabilities, encourage free exploratory research and non consensus innovative research, and strive to expand cognitive boundaries, broaden cognitive boundaries, and nurture scientific breakthroughs. Combining the exploratory, uncertain, and long-term characteristics of basic research, we will improve the classification and evaluation system for free exploration and task oriented science and technology projects, improve the differentiated evaluation and long-term support mechanism for basic research talents, and grant researchers greater control over human and financial resources and academic research autonomy. At the same time, we will adhere to a systematic layout and goal orientation, grasp the trend of scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, fully leverage the advantages of the new national system, concentrate our efforts and promote as a whole, and solve the "bottleneck" problem with perseverance and perseverance. Adhere to the equal emphasis on basic theoretical innovation and technological innovation. This requires us to organically combine basic theoretical innovation with technological innovation, so that basic research and applied research can promote and interact with each other, collide with the fire of innovation, the flower of technology, and bear the fruit of industry. We must adhere to the "four orientations", abstract theoretical issues in major application research, aim at the basic principles, methods, and mechanisms of the "bottleneck" key core technologies, and promote the innovation, development, and application of advanced scientific theories. At the same time, we will strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, optimize the allocation of innovation resources, enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system, and promote the deep integration of industry, academia, and research. Utilizing China's complete industrial chain, stable supply chain, and active talent chain, we will carry out joint research on key core technologies of "bottleneck" and improve the transformation and industrialization level of scientific and technological achievements. Adhere to the unity of independent talent cultivation and external talent introduction.