"Eating more fish can make you smarter!" There is a new scientific explanation for this common saying when parents advise you to eat vegetables. On March 3rd, the international journal "Science" published online a paper on the cooperative results of the team of Zhang Yan, a professor from the School of Medicine and Liangzhu Laboratory of Zhejiang University, and the team of Sun Jinpeng, Feng Shiqing, and Yu Xiao, professors from Shandong University. The joint research team analyzed the Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil at the atomic level, revealing their mechanism of action in promoting human metabolism and other effects. It was found that the "receptor compiler" in the human body that processes Omega-3 fatty acid signals can compile information about unsaturated fatty acids modified by different double bonds, generating specific downstream signals. Triggering the effect of fatty acids is like opening a "blind box" of fatty acids, which are divided into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, the latter being divided into monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids based on the difference in the double bonds contained. Omega-3 fatty acids, which cannot be synthesized by the human body, are polyunsaturated fatty acids. Previous studies have shown that taking an appropriate amount of Omega-3 fatty acids in the human body can strengthen the brain, regulate blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and even lower blood fat. However, after Omega-3 fatty acids enter the body, in order to play a role, it is necessary to find a helper - Omega-3 fish oil receptor. Zhang Yan said, in general, this is like entering a game interface for a character, which requires first finding an NPC (non player character) to activate the plot, and then controlling multiple props and resources with the help of the NPC to ultimately complete the task. The Omega-3 fish oil receptor belongs to the largest membrane protein family in the human body - the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which has multiple functions such as enhancing insulin sensitivity and controlling fat production. It can recognize a variety of saturated and unsaturated long chain fatty acids, including Omega-3 fatty acids. "After being activated, the Omega-3 fish oil receptor can be coupled to a variety of downstream effectors, including a variety of G proteins and β "Repressing proteins, etc., trigger corresponding cellular responses and physiological effects." Zhang Yan introduced that different fatty acids have different effects on activating the Omega-3 fish oil receptor, just like opening a "blind box". Only certain unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to the human body. Due to the very unstable structure of the GPCR signal transduction complex and the very similar molecules of long-chain fatty acids, it has been difficult to identify and capture for a long time. Scientists have been trying to clarify the principles by which different fatty acids trigger different activation effects. Zhang Yan's team has long focused on the research of the mechanism of cell transmembrane signal transduction and the design of precise regulatory means. Previously, it had obtained the high-resolution three-dimensional structure of GPCR signal transduction complexes under freezing electron microscopy for the first time in the world, which can analyze the process of life receiving information, processing information, and compiling information from the atomic level. This is precisely one of the technical supports of this research. This time, the joint team used the Omega-3 fish oil receptor to identify different double bond modified unsaturated fatty acids and its relationship with Omega-3 fish oil receptor bias signals as the entry point for research. There is a special instruction in the signal transduction process. How does the Omega-3 fish oil receptor recognize different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their synthetic compounds? Do mammals have a given lineage