Recently, Pan Jianwei and Chen Tengyun of the University of Science and Technology of China and Ma Xiongfeng of Tsinghua University cooperated to achieve pattern matching quantum key distribution in experiments for the first time. The relevant research results were published in the Physical Review Express on January 17. Based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics, quantum key distribution can achieve theoretically unconditional secure secure communication, so it has been a hot research topic in the academic field in recent decades. Pattern matching quantum key distribution protocol is a new type of measurement device-independent quantum key distribution protocol proposed by Ma Xiongfeng Research Group in 2022. Based on the pattern matching quantum key distribution protocol proposed by Ma Xiongfeng's research group, Pan Jianwei and Chen Tengyun's research group accurately estimated the frequency difference of two independent lasers for parameter estimation using the maximum likelihood estimation data post-processing method, and combined with the high efficiency single photon detector developed by the Unistar team of the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, realized the laboratory standard optical fiber of 100km, 200km Compared with the previous quantum cryptography experiment independent of the original measurement equipment, the coding rate of the 300-kilometer-level and 400-kilometer-level ultra-low loss optical fiber has been significantly improved, and the coding rate has been increased by three orders of magnitude compared with the previous experiment at the distance of 300-kilometer-level and 400-kilometer-level. The research results show that the mode matching quantum key distribution can achieve long-distance secure coding without the need for laser frequency locking and phase locking, and has a high coding rate in the metropolitan distance, which greatly reduces the difficulty of protocol implementation, and is of great significance for the construction of future quantum communication networks. (Xinhua News Agency)