The research objects of Dunhuang studies are Dunhuang documents, Dunhuang grotto art, Dunhuang history and theory of Dunhuang studies. Dunhuang culture is the regional culture produced by the Chinese traditional culture in Dunhuang, a special region, after absorbing the eastern Buddhism and other foreign cultures. Therefore, the characteristics of Dunhuang culture lie in its special geographical conditions. To study Dunhuang culture, we should not only focus on the "throat" position of Dunhuang on the Silk Road, but also pay attention to the basis and background of Dunhuang culture - Hexi history and Wuliang culture. Ancient Dunhuang, known as the "capital of Huarong", is the "throat" of cultural exchanges between China and the West. As a window for the exchange, integration and convergence of ancient Chinese and foreign cultures, Dunhuang itself is the product of the exchange of Chinese and foreign civilizations. To study Dunhuang studies, we should put it in the perspective of Hexi and even the northwest. For example, when we discuss the meaning of Dunhuang names, we have been arguing whether Dunhuang is the name of the Han nationality or the minority language. The name of Dunhuang first appeared in the Records of the Historian and the Book of the Han Dynasty. It is one of the four counties in Hexi set up by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. If the name of Dunhuang is combined with Wuwei, Zhangye and Jiuquan, it may have new inspiration. Dunhuang culture is the crystallization of long-term exchange and fusion of various civilizations. As Dunhuang is located at the crossroads of the Silk Road, the long-term and continuous integration of diverse cultures has absorbed the essence of civilizations in different regions and countries, spawned the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and rich and colorful Dunhuang culture, thus enriching the connotation of Chinese culture. From the history of Dunhuang, we can see that Dunhuang culture is not from the west, but a new culture formed on the basis of Hexi culture, absorbing different cultures from the east and the west. According to the Dunhuang posthumous note P.3720 "Records of Mogao Grottoes", the Mogao Grottoes "are located on the three dangerous mountains twenty five miles southeast of the state. In the Qin Jianyuan period, there was Shamen Le Yue, and the stick Xi traveled to the west. He looked at the mountain from afar, and saw the golden light like a thousand Buddhas, so he carved the rock and made a large niche image. The next time, Buddhist monk Faliang came to the east, and many gods were different, and he built another niche on the side of the niche. The construction of Jialan originated from the two monks..." At the end of the report, "The diary of the fifteenth day of the first month of the sixth year of the reign of Xiantong (865)". From the materials about the creation of the Mogao Grottoes, we can see that the first digger of the Mogao Grottoes, Le Xuan, was "traveling to the west (Dunhuang)". The so-called "journey to the west" is from east to west. Le Fu came to Dunhuang by "traveling to the west", that is, from the east of Dunhuang. To the east of Dunhuang are Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, Lanzhou, Tianshui, Chang'an... That is to say, Le Xuan arrived at Dunhuang from the east (Central Plains) "west tour". After arriving at Dunhuang, the reason why we didn't continue to "travel to the west" is that we saw the Buddha light of Sanwei Mountain, that is, "see the golden light like a thousand Buddhas", so we stayed to dig the first grotto of Mogao Grottoes. From a scientific point of view, the golden light of the Thousand Buddhas seen by Le Lei at that time was naturally an illusion, but this kind of spectacle can still be seen in Mogao Grottoes today. Because the Sanwei Mountain opposite the Mogao Grottoes is a denuded residual mountain. There is no vegetation on the mountain. The rock is dark red and contains minerals such as quartz and mica. The reflection of the sunset is always as bright as gold. This principle was adopted at the beginning of the movie Mirage. Of course, Le Lei couldn't understand this wonderful natural scene, so it was completely attributed to "Buddha". After the music festival, "The Story of Mogao Grottoes" said, "Once