Editor's note: Under the background of accelerated innovation of cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, digital technology is fully integrated into all fields and the whole process of economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction with new concepts, new formats and new models, bringing broad and profound impacts to human production and life. To add new momentum to China's economic development, it is urgent for us to accelerate the development of the digital economy, promote China to further enhance its technological innovation vitality in cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other fields, and move towards a more prosperous direction. In order to better understand the industry and promote the innovation and transformation of science and technology enterprises, China Enterprise Development Research Center (Xinhua News Agency National High end Think Tank Sub center) launched a series of studies on the innovation vitality of Chinese science and technology enterprises, focusing on the Chinese cloud computing market in the first phase. Review of the development history of China's cloud computing industry Cloud computing is based on distributed resource management technology, virtualization technology and other technologies, pooling hardware resources such as servers to form a shared pool, and providing customers with computing, network, storage and other product services on demand. This model provides available, convenient, on-demand network access, and requires little management work to enter the resource sharing pool, You can quickly build a digital infrastructure. Looking at the development history of global cloud computing, it can be divided into three periods: in the 1980s and 1990s, the cloud computing industry as a whole was in the gestation period. At this stage, there are two landmark events. First, in 1983, Sun Company put forward the concept of "The network is the Computer" and introduced related workstation products. Secondly, in 1999, VMware introduced virtualization technology for the x86 system, which aims to solve many problems in improving resource utilization, and transform the x86 system into a common shared hardware infrastructure, so that the application environment has a choice in complete isolation, mobility, and operating systems. At the beginning of the 21st century, the cloud computing industry entered a period of rapid development. In 2006, Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, first proposed the concept of "cloud computing" at the search engine conference; In 2006, Amazon's AWS launched the Simple Storage Service (S3). In the same year, the first ECS instance of AWS was open for public testing. The host uses Xen virtualization technology to provide instance services. This is the earliest commercial cloud service product. The service provider installs the bare metal into the hypervisor, and then divides the computing and network resources for sale. Since 2010, the cloud computing industry has gradually matured. In 2010, Rackspace and NASA announced the open source project team of Openstack. Since 2010, there have been many service providers based on OpenStack to help enterprises establish private clouds; Alibaba Cloud has been incubating since 2008. In 2009, Feitian wrote the first line of code, and in 2011, it began to provide external services. Huawei Cloud released its cloud operating system FusionSphere in 2010, and Tencent Cloud and Baidu Cloud have also invested in it