Recently, the Comprehensive Team of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council issued the Implementation Plan for the Second Dose of Enhanced Immunization of COVID-19 Vaccine, which clearly stated that at this stage, the second dose of enhanced immunization can be carried out among high-risk people, elderly people over 60 years old, people with severe basic diseases and people with low immunity on the basis of the first dose of enhanced immunization. With the weakening of the pathogenicity of Omicron virus strain, the popularization of vaccination and the accumulation of prevention and control experience, the epidemic prevention and control in China is facing new situations and tasks. China has successively issued the ninth version of the prevention and control plan, and introduced 20 "new ten" optimization measures. The general trend is that the epidemic prevention and control will pay more attention to science, professionalism and accuracy. In the process of policy adjustment, all localities must seize the most prominent and urgent problems faced by the prevention and control work, focus on weaknesses and weaknesses, and do their best to protect people's life safety and health. The elderly, pregnant and lying in women, children, and patients with chronic basic diseases are the key groups of medical services, and also the vulnerable groups that may cause severe disease after infection with COVID-19. It is a matter of close concern for the whole society to protect vulnerable people from the attack of epidemic peak and avoid possible medical run. Experts generally said that vaccination is still an effective way to prevent COVID-19. It is urgent and necessary to strengthen immunization against vulnerable populations represented by the elderly. For the elderly, there is still room for improvement in the number of people who have completed the whole process of vaccination. At the same time, after vaccination for a period of time, the protection effect has been weakened. The second dose of enhanced immunization has been carried out in some countries and regions, which has had practical experience and has obvious effect on protecting the elderly and other vulnerable groups. As long as there is no vaccination taboo crowd, we should achieve "should receive all". Relevant departments should also continue to optimize vaccination services, and maximize the convenience of vaccination for the elderly by establishing green channels for the elderly, temporary vaccination sites, mobile vaccination vehicles and other measures. If the elderly and other vulnerable people become seriously ill after infection, whether they can get proper medical treatment is also one of the issues of public concern. At present, the total number of critical care beds in China is 138100, including 106500 critical care beds in tertiary medical institutions, and 10 critical care beds for nearly 100000 people. Experts suggested that, in view of the surge of positive severe patients, we should design expansion plans in advance to convert qualified general wards into ICU wards. Especially in villages and towns where medical resources are relatively weak, there is an urgent need to make up for the shortcomings in the treatment of severe patients. The Work Plan for Improving COVID-19 Medical Security Capacity in Rural Areas by Relying on County Medical Community issued by the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism Comprehensive Group of the State Council requires that county-level tertiary hospitals accelerate the construction and upgrading of comprehensive ICU care units to ensure that the number of comprehensive ICU beds used for the treatment of various types of critical patients infected with COVID-19 is not less than 4% of the total number of beds actually opened in the hospital. The epidemic situation is a big test. We should not only firmly and calmly overcome various difficulties, but also be prepared to "make up lessons", and combine the fight against the epidemic situation with the improvement of the overall medical service level.