74 million people According to statistics, from 2000 to 2021, the global treatment of tuberculosis and the treatment of tuberculosis and AIDS double infected people saved a total of 74 million lives. It also benefits from the use of new technologies, new drugs and treatment schemes. In the past three years, when everyone focused on the COVID-19, another ancient infectious disease was making a comeback. The Global tuberculosis Report 2022 (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") released by the World Health Organization shows that in 2021, the downward trend of the global incidence rate of tuberculosis will reverse. After years of declining at an annual rate of 2%, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in 2021 will increase by 3.6% compared with that in 2020. The situation of prevention and control is not optimistic. Why does global tuberculosis prevention and control stagnate or even reverse? To control tuberculosis, what efforts are needed? Recently, at the seminar held by Peking University on "Setting a firm goal and promoting the international commitment to end tuberculosis", relevant experts discussed the contents of the Report and how to achieve the goal of ending tuberculosis. The number of patients with tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis in the world has increased. tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (also known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis). It is divided into pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for about 80% - 85%. Except for hair, teeth and nails, other tissues and organs of the human body may be invaded by TB bacilli. Tuberculosis ranks 13th among the world's leading causes of death. It is also one of the major causes of death of people infected with AIDS virus (HIV) and a major lethal infectious disease related to antibiotic resistance. However, at present, the vast majority of tuberculosis patients can be cured and will not infect others after recovery. The Report estimates that in 2021, there will be 10.6 million new tuberculosis patients worldwide, an increase of 4.5% over 2020; 450000 new cases of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis, an increase of 3% over 2020; In 2021, 1.6 million people worldwide will die of tuberculosis, returning to the level of 2017. This is also the first time in many years that the number of tuberculosis patients, drug-resistant tuberculosis patients and deaths have increased. Why does global tuberculosis prevention and control stagnate or even reverse? At the seminar on "Firming the Goal and Promoting the International Commitment to Terminate tuberculosis", Dr. Chen Zhongdan, a technical officer of the World Health Organization's Representative Office in China, said that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on access to tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment and the burden of tuberculosis. Among them, the accessibility and accessibility of routine detection, treatment and diagnostic services for some tuberculosis are affected. In developing countries and less developed regions, the sustained investment of relevant personnel, funds and equipment has also slowed down. The Report shows that at the global level, the number of newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis will decrease by 18% from 2019 to 2020. Although the number of newly diagnosed patients will rise from 5.8 million in 2020 to 6.4 million in 2021, it is still far below the pre epidemic level. It is estimated that 4.2 million tuberculosis patients will not be diagnosed in 2021, or will not be officially reported to the relevant national departments after diagnosis. That is to say, the reduction of tuberculosis case diagnosis reports indicates that there is no diagnosis and treatment