At present, China's epidemic prevention and control is facing new situations and tasks. With the virus mutation, as well as the popularization of vaccination and the accumulation of prevention and control experience, the hospitalization rate, severe disease rate and case fatality rate caused by Omicron are significantly reduced. In the face of the complex and changeable epidemic situation, China has taken small steps and continued to optimize epidemic prevention measures. In the face of the characteristics of the highly infectious and greatly weakened pathogenicity of the Omikjon mutant, China has introduced ten new optimization measures, and all parts of the country have acted quickly to precisely delineate high-risk areas, optimize nucleic acid testing, adjust isolation methods, cancel the inspection of nucleic acid negative certificates, health codes and trip codes according to regulations, so as to truly prevent the epidemic, stabilize the economy, and ensure safe development. Continuous optimization of epidemic prevention measures requires strengthening the preparation of medical resources. The preparation of medical resources is the first step in the next stage of epidemic prevention. Among them, hierarchical diagnosis and treatment is the key to rational allocation of medical resources. From the basic national conditions, China has a large population base, many elderly and vulnerable people, and the total amount of medical and health resources is insufficient, so it is particularly important to improve medical efficiency; From the perspective of clinical practice, since the outbreak of the epidemic, fever clinics, ICU wards and designated hospitals across the country have been expanding, laying a solid medical foundation for graded diagnosis and treatment; From the perspective of social psychology, helping infected people in different situations to clarify the arrangements of diagnosis and treatment system is conducive to resolving the tension of "treating more seriously" and meeting the needs of the people for diagnosis and treatment to the maximum extent. For those infected who implement self-care at home, we should give full play to the role of grassroots health institutions and family doctors, provide professional medical guidance, ensure health monitoring and drug demand, and help patients recover as soon as possible; For patients with severe diseases or serious risks, we should further improve the construction of fever clinics, improve the medical treatment process of designated hospitals, comprehensively improve the treatment level of designated hospitals, and make a good preparation for the "combination of epidemic prevention and treatment" of the diagnosis and treatment system. Continuous optimization of epidemic prevention measures requires strengthening the vaccination defense line. Research and prevention and control practices at home and abroad have proved that vaccination is a key means to protect the elderly and other key groups, the most effective means to reduce the severity and death of the population in the case of widespread epidemic transmission, and the key variable that directly determines whether a society can withstand the impact of the epidemic. As of November 28, 86.42% of the elderly population in China had completed the whole process of vaccination, and 181.511 million people had completed intensive immunization. Among them, 65.8% of the people over 80 years old completed the whole course of vaccination, and 14.456 million people completed intensive immunization. This shows that there are still quite a few elderly people who have not yet completed the whole process of vaccination and enhanced immunization, and the existing vaccination rate of the elderly has not yet formed a barrier against severe disease and death, so it is very necessary and urgent to improve the whole process of vaccination rate and enhance the vaccination rate of the elderly. On the basis of the grid layout of the medical consortium, we should strengthen the hierarchical health monitoring of the elderly, do a good job in supporting medical security, first-aid equipment, monitoring and disposal, optimize vaccination services, and refine measures for the convenience of the people. We should mobilize the elderly with a system that is easy to understand and warm and considerate, so as to dispel the relevant concerns of the elderly and enhance the enthusiasm of vaccination. Continuous optimization of epidemic prevention measures requires continuous improvement of prevention and control awareness. In the face of complex and changeable situations