The second phase of the fifteenth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 15) was held in Montreal, Canada, from 7 to 19. Analysts pointed out that in the face of the challenges of the global biodiversity crisis, it is the concern of the parties and stakeholders to jointly promote the achievement of the "post-2020 global biodiversity framework" (hereinafter referred to as the "framework"), and plan a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance in the next decade or even longer. There is an urgent need to adopt a "framework". Following the successful holding of the first phase of the COP15 conference in Kunming, China, in October 2021, the second phase of the conference continued to take "ecological civilization: jointly building a community of earth life" as the theme, aiming to formulate and adopt the "framework", which will be the most important expected outcome of the second phase of the conference. The "Framework" is a general and strategic program document that will anchor the direction of global biodiversity governance by 2030 or even longer, and is of great significance to global biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Huang Runqiu, Chairman of COP15 and Minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, told Xinhua News Agency that "COP15 and the 'Framework' being developed will promote the mainstreaming process of biodiversity protection in economic and social development, so that all mankind can enjoy the benefits of biodiversity for poverty reduction, food security and sustainable development." UN Secretary General Guterres said on the 6th that it is estimated that by 2030, the global ecosystem degradation will lead to a loss of 3 trillion US dollars annually, and the "Framework" is urgently needed to be adopted at this conference. "Developed countries must provide bold financial support to the countries of the global South. We cannot expect developing countries to bear this burden alone." "There is no other earth." Elizabeth Murema, Executive Secretary of the Convention Secretariat, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that the "Framework" aims to reverse the current trend of biodiversity loss and ensure that biodiversity will be restored by 2030 at the latest, so as to fully realize the vision of 2050 of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature". As the President of COP15, "China plays a very important role", Murema pointed out that "the Chinese government has spent a lot of time to promote the 'Framework' consultation, and has organized many activities to discuss with all parties and actively prepare for the formulation and adoption of the 'Framework'". Analysts of the five key factors pointed out that in order to make real progress in the second phase of COP15, the "framework" needs high goals and operability. Murema said that all parties should pay attention to the five key direct drivers of natural loss: changing the use of oceans and land, overexploiting organisms, climate change, pollution, and alien invasive species. It is imperative to solve these problems. Among them, land fragmentation and land-use change caused by agricultural and urban expansion have lost 80% of biodiversity in many areas. In addition, the parties need to address the root causes of these problems, such as unsustainable consumption and production. The Secretariat of the General Assembly pointed out that the solution reached on COP15 should cover the whole society, including the financial sector, governments, non-governmental organizations and