The nasal cavity is the door of the human respiratory tract, which can warm and humidify the air inhaled. The mucus and nasal hair in the nasal cavity can also block the dust and bacteria in the air. If the heating, humidification, cleaning and filtering functions of the nasal cavity change, it is easy to have discomfort symptoms such as nasal dryness, pain, nasal obstruction, runny nose, and even rhinitis in severe cases. Winter is the high incidence period of rhinitis. In this issue, we invited Liu Wenfeng, an expert in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery at the Western Theater General Hospital, to answer questions about rhinitis, hoping to help comrades in arms. Q: Why is rhinitis easy to happen in winter? Answer: The temperature in winter is low and the climate is dry. After the nose is attacked by dry and cold air, it is easy to have discomfort symptoms such as dry nose, itching nose and pain. When the cold and dry climate stimulus exceeds the resistance, adaptation and repair capacity of the nasal mucosa, nasal mucosa will be diseased, and then develop into rhinitis. In addition, in the cold environment, the survival time of viruses and bacteria is prolonged, which is more likely to invade the nasal mucosa and cause nasal inflammation. Rhinitis can be divided into acute rhinitis and chronic rhinitis according to the duration of the disease. The course of acute rhinitis is generally less than 1 month, while chronic rhinitis mainly includes allergic rhinitis, dry rhinitis, etc. The course of disease can be more than 3 months. Q: What are the differences between different types of rhinitis? How to treat symptomatically after rhinitis? A: Acute rhinitis is an acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by a virus. It is mainly manifested as stuffy nose, runny nose, dry nose, decreased sense of smell and other symptoms similar to colds. Allergic rhinitis is caused by the contact of nasal mucosa with allergens (such as dust mites, mold, pollen, animal hair, cold air stimulation, etc.). It is mainly manifested as recurrent nasal itching, nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, etc., and sometimes accompanied by eye itching, tears and other eye symptoms. There are many predisposing factors for dry rhinitis. Harmful dust and gas may cause dry rhinitis if they irritate nasal mucosa for a long time, stay in a dry and hot environment for a long time, have a history of chronic rhinopathy, and nasal mucosa is irritated by purulent secretions for a long time, which are mainly manifested as nasal dryness and crusting. If not treated in time, it may also develop into atrophic rhinitis, nose odor, smell disorders and other symptoms. Acute rhinitis is the most common rhinitis in winter. If acute rhinitis occurs, nasal glucocorticoid can be used under the guidance of the doctor to relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion. Or use nasal decongestants (such as hydroxymethylazoline, ephedrine, etc.) to drip nose to shrink nasal mucosa and improve nasal ventilation. At the same time, it is delicious to take Chinese patent medicines such as Biyuanshu oral liquid and Xiangju tablets. If there is a large amount of pus, headache, etc., which indicates that there is bacterial infection or sinusitis, antibiotics can be used under the guidance of the doctor. In the treatment of allergic rhinitis, contact with allergens should be avoided first, and nasal glucocorticoids, antihistamines, mast cell membrane stabilizers, antileukotrienes and other drugs should be used under the guidance of doctors. In addition, nasal decongestants, anticholinergics, nasal saline irrigation, immunotherapy and other treatment methods can also be selected. If there is nasal polyp or turbinate hypertrophy that seriously affects breathing, and the symptoms do not improve after medication, surgery is required. Patients with dry rhinitis should strengthen nutrition and take vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. orally for a long time. Mucus