Author: Wang Guanghui (Associate Researcher of the Scientific and Technological Strategy Consulting Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Deputy Director of the Talent Research Center) Open cooperation is the fundamental direction to strengthen international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation and integrate into the global innovation network. It is the only way to optimize the international scientific research environment and create an open and innovative ecology. It is also the proper meaning to enhance the scientific and technological innovation ability and achieve scientific and technological self-reliance. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, strengthen the construction of an international scientific research environment, and form an open and innovative ecology with global competitiveness. Historically, every shift of modern world science centers can be seen behind the catalytic effect of open innovation systems, which also has a decisive impact on national development. Globally, the major scientific and technological powers in the world currently support their innovative country building through scientific and technological cooperation. For example, the United States has become a world scientific and technological power in a short time relying on the exogenous mode of scientific and technological cooperation, and Japan has taken international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation as its basic scientific and technological policy. Since the reform and opening up, especially in the new era, China has won higher quality development by opening up with higher quality. In many fields, China has achieved the same pace and lead with the world's advanced technology. At present, China is promoting the self-reliance of high-level science and technology and building itself into a world science and technology power. It also needs to adhere to promoting high-quality scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation in an open international environment to gather high-level innovative talents and resources in the fierce international competition. At the same time, the intertwined epidemic situation of the century and the change of the century, as well as the profound evolution of the international pattern, have enabled China to strengthen international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation and integrate into the global innovation network, presenting a new situation and new characteristics: First, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has accelerated the evolution, widening the boundaries of international scientific and technological cooperation, and reshaping the demand for international scientific and technological innovation cooperation and exchange. Second, the rapid development and wide application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology and biotechnology have caused "creative damage" to the global scientific and technological and economic landscape. It is urgent to build a cross cutting, diversified, open and inclusive governance system for global scientific and technological cooperation. Third, mankind is faced with common challenges such as public health, environmental pollution, food security and energy crisis. It is urgent to seek a global scientific research cooperation mechanism to adapt to the new situation and work together to explore scientific and technological solutions for the common destiny of mankind. Fourth, the trend of anti globalization, unilateralism and protectionism has risen, further highlighting the urgency of strengthening international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation. We must resolutely implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, adhere to open cooperation to support high-level science and technology for self-reliance, look at the world, expand cooperation, and create an open and innovative ecosystem with global competitiveness. We must do a good job in the following areas. First, optimize the top-level design and establish a strategic policy system for opening up and cooperation in science and technology. Self reliance and self-improvement of high-level science and technology emphasizes the independence and controllability of key core technologies and more initiative in international competition. We should coordinate the development of national and local governments, enterprises, research institutes and industries