The protection of the Yellow River is a long-term plan that concerns the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Today, the 37th Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress deliberated and passed the Yellow River Protection Law, which will come into force on April 1, 2023. It is the practical need to solve the special problems in the Yellow River basin, the specific practice to improve the legal system necessary to meet the growing needs of the people in the Yellow River basin for a better life, and the objective requirement to improve the legal system of ecological environment protection with Chinese characteristics. As a landmark legislation for river basin protection, the Yellow River Protection Law implements the requirements of protection and governance, adheres to the problem orientation, and adheres to the concept of system. It stipulates the strengthening of ecological environment protection, promoting the conservation and intensive use of water resources, ensuring the harmlessness of the Yellow River Anlan, promoting high-quality development, and protecting, inheriting and carrying forward the Yellow River culture. Fragile ecological environment is the biggest problem in the yellow river basin. The Yellow River Protection Law mainly stipulates the strengthening of ecological environment protection from two aspects: strengthening ecological protection and restoration and strengthening pollution prevention and control. In terms of strengthening ecological protection and restoration, it was clarified that the state should strengthen ecological protection and restoration of the Yellow River basin, adhere to integrated protection and restoration, and implement systematic governance focusing on natural restoration and combining natural restoration with artificial restoration; According to the requirements for ecological protection and restoration in different regions of the Yellow River, such as the source area of the Yellow River, the Loess Plateau, the estuary and the delta, the system and measures for maintaining the natural state of rivers and lakes, ecological restoration projects, sand prevention and control, water and soil loss prevention, comprehensive treatment of small watersheds, gully regulation, silt dam construction, ecological water supplement, etc. are specified. In terms of strengthening pollution prevention and control, it is clear that the state should strengthen the comprehensive, systematic and source control of environmental pollution in the Yellow River basin, and promote the comprehensive improvement of the environment of key rivers and lakes; The Yellow River basin water environment quality standards, water pollutant discharge standards, total amount control of key water pollutants, sewage outlet supervision, soil and groundwater pollution prevention and control, solid waste pollution prevention and control, agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control have been stipulated. The shortage of water resources is the biggest contradiction in the Yellow River basin. The law specifies that the state should strengthen agricultural water conservation and efficiency enhancement, industrial water conservation and emission reduction, and urban water conservation and loss reduction measures in the Yellow River basin, and promote the construction of a water-saving society. To clarify the utilization of water resources in the Yellow River basin, priority should be given to water conservation, overall consideration should be given, intensive use should be made, and careful calculation should be made. In order to closely grasp the "ox nose" of water and sediment regulation, the Yellow River Protection Law proposes to improve the water and sediment regulation and flood control safety system. In order to strengthen the systematic protection of the Yellow River cultural heritage and further explore its spiritual connotation, it is clear that the state should strengthen the protection, inheritance and promotion of the Yellow River culture, systematically protect the Yellow River cultural heritage, study the development context of the Yellow River culture, and build a strong sense of the Chinese national community. (Liu Xinshe)