In 2021, the national straw utilization will be 647 million tons, with a comprehensive utilization rate of 88.1%, an increase of 3.4 percentage points over 2018. The utilization rates of fertilizer, feed, fuel, base material and raw material are 60%, 18%, 8.5%, 0.7% and 0.9% respectively. The pattern of "giving priority to agriculture and developing five modernizations simultaneously" has basically taken shape. In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance launched the straw comprehensive utilization project. Over the past six years, a total of 14.05 billion yuan has been invested from the central government, which has basically realized the full coverage of large counties producing straw, and steadily improved the level and capacity of straw comprehensive utilization. The comprehensive utilization rates of corn, rice and wheat were 87%, 89.6% and 92.1%, respectively, which were at a high utilization level. The ecological benefits of returning straw to farmland have gradually emerged. In recent years, various regions have implemented scientific measures such as straw mulching and returning to farmland, crushed and mixed returning to farmland, and mulching returning to farmland according to local conditions, effectively improving the effect of returning to farmland. The standing book shows that in 2021, the amount of straw returned to the field will reach 400 million tons. According to the monitoring results of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 32 major agricultural areas across the country, the average growth rate of soil organic matter after straw returned to the field will be between 5% and 7%, and the growth rate of crops will be between 2% and 4.5%. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, remarkable achievements have been made in China's agricultural ecological environment construction. Among them, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides continued to decrease and increase, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the three major grain crops kept a downward trend for five consecutive years; The utilization level of agricultural waste has been steadily improved. The comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure has reached 76%, the comprehensive utilization rate of crop straw has exceeded 88%, and the recovery rate of agricultural film has remained above 80%; The level of protection and utilization of cultivated land resources has been constantly improved. The area of high standard farmland has reached 900 million mu. The black land protection project has been implemented in depth, and the safe utilization rate of contaminated cultivated land has stabilized at more than 90%; The protection of agricultural biodiversity has achieved remarkable results, and the protection of germplasm resources has been further promoted. (Liu Xinshe)