I hope you can successfully bypass the decision-making bias trap and submit satisfactory college entrance examination volunteer answers. —————————— After the polishing of the college entrance examination, the college entrance examination students can finally look forward to a long summer vacation and a beautiful college life. But before that, there is another difficulty: voluntary filling. Professor Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Laureate in economics, believes that when people make decisions, they will use both perceptual systems that attach importance to intuition and rational systems that attach importance to analysis. In most cases, people usually rely on intuition for quick thinking. This spontaneous decision-making method will bring us great convenience. But this lazy decision-making habit will also let people fall into the trap of cognitive bias, causing loss and pain. We introduce four common decision-making biases to help college entrance examination students make more informed decisions. Heuristic bias A domestic survey found that one of the major sources of information obtained by college entrance examination students in the process of filling in their volunteers is to ask their parents, teachers and other people around them. College entrance examination students can easily directly choose universities or majors related to people around them, such as "my mother, uncle and cousin are all accountants, so I will apply for accounting major". In fact, this is a kind of decision-making bias. When people are faced with complex and uncertain decision-making situations, they are easy to take the shortcut of thinking and make quick judgments based on intuition or easily available experience. This is called heuristic bias. "With so many candidates for accounting, this major should be very good for employment!" In fact, the conclusion that more than one relative is engaged in the same occupation cannot be drawn that the employment rate is high. It is suggested that college entrance examination students go to the official platforms designated by the Ministry of education, such as the sunshine college entrance examination website and the official website of colleges and universities, to learn about the enrollment information and employment of colleges and universities. College entrance examination students may also give priority to universities and majors that sound familiar. For example, when looking at the guide to filling in college entrance examination volunteers, the first thing we see is the famous universities, popular majors and emerging majors in the region... In fact, the universities or majors we are very familiar with may also be because some negative news is known. Because no matter positive or negative information, vivid and frequently exposed cases are always the easiest to recall. Popular majors may not be in short supply after many years, nor may they be suitable for themselves. There are also some unpopular and good universities that have been omitted when filling in their volunteers. Confirmatory deviation In our daily life, we will accept or even look for examples to support our ideas without thinking. As long as there is no evidence to shake our ideas, we rarely question our beliefs. This is a kind of confirmatory bias, which means that people tend to think that the information supporting their assumptions is more persuasive when making decisions, intentionally or unintentionally looking for information consistent with the assumptions, while ignoring information inconsistent with the assumptions. For example, some college entrance examination students do not consider filling in medical majors because "I wanted to be a doctor, but my friends said that it was hard to learn medicine. I searched a lot of information, and it is true.". In fact, every major has its own difficulties, and everyone's tolerance is different. In order to truly, objectively and comprehensively understand universities and majors, college entrance examination students should not selectively search for supporting evidence consistent with their ideas, so as to avoid being biased. It's best to do the opposite. Instead, look for evidence that doesn't support your choice before making a decision. For example, search and understand "why did medical students fill in the medical major at the beginning" and "what content medical majors learn", and make a choice after comprehensively understanding the University and major. Projection effect As a high school career teacher, I found that more and more people are preparing to engage in stable jobs such as teachers and civil servants. Many students told me, "affected by the epidemic, I decided to apply for the normal major to ensure a stable career." There is a phenomenon in psychology called "pregnant women effect". When you are pregnant, you will find that the streets are full of pregnant women. It is easy for people to project their concerns to the outside world. In the context of judgment and decision-making, we should be careful about the projection effect. People tend to overestimate the consistency between future preferences and current preferences. College entrance examination students should make a decision after fully understanding their personal characteristics and University majors. The majors they all pursue may not match your interests, abilities and values. A teacher friend of mine was ready to leave after working for more than a year. She was worried about not being able to wear her favorite clothes on weekdays. She didn't like to get up early. She was dissatisfied with the common days. She wanted to do more free, fresh and challenging work. There are many people around me who don't like their major and finally engage in work that is not in line with their major. Before college entrance examination students make voluntary decisions, it is necessary to fully explore their inner world, combine the university professional information collected from different channels, and choose the University and major that are suitable for them, rather than the major that looks "hot" or everyone says "good". Anchoring effect The first impression or the first information received will affect a person's judgment and decision-making. This is the anchoring effect, just like an anchor thrown to the bottom to fix the hull. Not necessarily accurate first impressions, clear and firm, will fix our thoughts. When filling in the volunteers, many college entrance examination students will give priority to the majors with "Qian Jing". For example, some people are going to apply for the majors of computer science and technology because "the Internet industry is very popular now, and most of the jobs with high salary and superior working environment are concentrated in the Internet industry." But is "money" equal to "prospect"? College majors are rich and colorful, but college entrance examination students know very little about filling in and going there, and often rely on first impressions to make decisions. The first impression is convenient, but not comprehensive and accurate. For example, our first impression of the law major is that we memorize the legal provisions by rote, and the class is boring. But Mr. Luo Xiang's criminal law class makes people who are not in the class interesting and benefit a lot. Then the college entrance examination students who want to apply for the computer major because of their salary level must first understand, "what does the computer science and technology major really learn? Is it suitable for me? Will the future employment prospects be good?" So how can we make a wise decision about the college entrance examination? College entrance examination students should not only understand their own characteristics in all aspects, but also understand external information, fully integrate internal and external information, and make rational decisions. College entrance examination students can use decision-making tools, such as SWOT analysis, to help them make decisions. 1. Analyze the internal factors and find their own advantages and disadvantages. List possible volunteer options, compare the University and major introduction and enrollment requirements, and evaluate whether you like and can be competent for the corresponding learning tasks. If you still have shortcomings, can these shortcomings be improved in the future. 2. Assess external factors and identify opportunities and threats. Search the basic information of interested universities and majors, such as the geography, economy, climate characteristics, campus environment and academic atmosphere of the city where the university is located, the courses offered and career orientation of the major, and summarize what is conducive to your future career planning and what dissatisfaction it brings. 3. Comprehensive analysis, in order of priority. Integrate internal and external information, and determine the priority of your own volunteers according to the advantages and disadvantages of the factors and options you value. If candidates value employment most, they should give priority to and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various universities and major options, whether they are interested in jobs, graduate employment rate, etc., and then consider the secondary important factors. Dear graduates, I hope you can successfully bypass the trap of decision-making bias and submit satisfactory college entrance examination volunteer answers. I believe that when you clear the fog and move towards your goal with courage, confidence and patience, time will solemnly deliver the gift tailored for you. (huangbinbin) (outlook new era)