Today, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is carrying out the 29th collective study on strengthening the construction of China's ecological civilization under the new situation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has twice conducted collective learning on issues related to the construction of ecological civilization. This is the third time. The purpose of arranging this study is to grasp the new tasks and requirements for the construction of ecological civilization put forward by entering a new development stage, implementing the new development concept and building a new development pattern, analyze the new situation facing the construction of ecological civilization in China, and promote the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have strengthened the party's overall leadership over the construction of ecological civilization, placed the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position in the overall work, and made a series of major strategic arrangements. In the "five in one" overall layout, the construction of ecological civilization is one of them; One of the basic strategies for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era is to adhere to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature; In the new development concept, green is one of them; Among the three key battles, pollution prevention and control is one of them; A beautiful China is one of the goals of building China into a powerful modern socialist country by the middle of this century. This fully reflects our understanding of the importance of ecological civilization construction and defines the important position of ecological civilization construction in the overall development of the cause of the party and the country. We have strengthened the construction of ecological civilization in an all-round way, systematically planned the reform of the system of ecological civilization, and integrated the management of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes, grass and sand. We have carried out a series of fundamental, pioneering and long-term work, with unprecedented determination, strength and effectiveness. The construction of ecological civilization has undergone historic, turning and overall changes from recognition to practice. I have successively given instructions and instructions on typical cases such as ecological destruction in Qilian Mountain of Gansu Province, illegal villa construction at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province, and illegal mining in Muli mining area of Qinghai Province. Relevant local governments and departments have seriously investigated and prosecuted a number of dereliction of duty personnel. Over the past nine years, the blue sky and white clouds have reappeared, the green landscape has been expanding, the green economy has accelerated development, energy and material consumption has been reduced, dense smoke and heavy haze have been effectively suppressed, black and smelly water bodies have been significantly reduced, urban and rural environments are more livable, and solid steps have been taken in the construction of a beautiful China. The idea that green water and green mountains are golden mountains has become the consensus and action of the whole Party and society. According to NASA satellite data, between 2000 and 2017, about a quarter of the new green areas in the world came from China. China has led the global climate change negotiation process, actively promoted the signing, entry into force and implementation of the Paris Agreement, and announced that carbon dioxide emissions will reach a peak by 2030 and be carbon neutral by 2060. China's achievements in the construction of ecological civilization have also been widely recognized by the international community. Practice has shown that ecological environment protection and economic development are dialectically unified and mutually reinforcing. Building ecological civilization and promoting green low-carbon circular development can not only meet people's growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment, but also promote the realization of higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable and safer development, and walk out of a civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology. The restoration and improvement of the ecological environment is a process that requires long-term and arduous efforts. It cannot be achieved overnight. We must persevere and strive for success. At present, the construction of China's ecological civilization still faces many contradictions and challenges. The foundation for a stable and sound ecological environment is not yet solid. The inflection point from quantitative change to qualitative change has not yet arrived. Compared with the people's expectations for a better life, the goal of building a beautiful China, and the requirements of building a new development pattern, promoting high-quality development, and building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, there is still a big gap in the quality of the ecological environment. China's industrial structure adjustment has a process. The proportion of traditional industries is still high, strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries have not yet grown into the leading force of economic growth, the energy structure has not been fundamentally changed, the pollution problems in key regions and industries have not been fundamentally solved, the task of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutralization is arduous, and the pressure of resources and environment on development is increasing. Promoting green and low-carbon development is an international trend and a general trend. Green economy has become the commanding point of global industrial competition. Some western countries are playing the "environment card" against China, putting pressure on China in many aspects. The big country game around ecological environment issues is very fierce. At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I stressed that China's socialist modernization has many important characteristics, one of which is that China's modernization is a modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and pays attention to promoting the construction of material civilization and ecological civilization at the same time. During the "fourteenth five year plan" period, the construction of China's ecological civilization has entered a critical period in which carbon reduction is the key strategic direction, promoting the synergy of pollution and carbon reduction, promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and achieving the qualitative change from quantitative change to the improvement of ecological environment quality. We should fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, maintain strategic concentration, plan economic and social development from the perspective of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, adhere to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, adhere to the principle of giving priority to conservation, protection and natural recovery, form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle of saving resources and protecting the environment, and coordinate pollution control, ecological protection We should address climate change, promote sustainable improvement of the ecological environment, and strive to build a modern society in which man and nature coexist harmoniously. First, unremittingly promote green and low-carbon development. I have repeatedly stressed that the ecological environment problem is, in the final analysis, a problem of development and lifestyle. Establishing and perfecting the green low-carbon circular development economic system and promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development are the basic policies to solve China's ecological and environmental problems. On March 15, I presided over the ninth meeting of the central financial and Economic Commission, which studied and deployed the basic ideas and major measures to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. We should take the realization of the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction as the general starting point to promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure and land use structure. It is necessary to strengthen land spatial planning and use control, implement spatial control boundaries such as ecological protection, basic farmland and urban development, implement the strategy of main functional areas, and delimit and strictly abide by the red line of ecological protection. We should seize the source of resource utilization, promote total resource management, scientific allocation, comprehensive conservation and recycling, and comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource utilization. We should seize the key to industrial restructuring, accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries and modern service industries, promote the clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient use of energy, and continue to reduce the intensity of carbon emissions. We should solve the problem of insufficient scientific and technological support to promote green and low-carbon development, strengthen scientific and technological research on carbon capture, utilization and storage technology, zero carbon industrial process reengineering technology, and support the transformation of green and low-carbon technological innovation achievements. We should develop green finance and support green technological innovation. I have repeatedly stressed that reducing carbon dioxide emissions and tackling climate change are not what others want us to do, but what we should do ourselves. Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutralization is a solemn commitment made by China to the world. It is also a broad and profound economic and social change, which can never be achieved easily. At present, some departments and localities still have a strong impulse to launch high energy consumption and high emission projects. At the special seminar on the study and implementation of the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held by major leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels in January this year, I specially emphasized the need to guard against eight misconceptions, one of which is to promote projects with high energy consumption and high emissions by taking the opportunity of expanding domestic demand and forming a large domestic market. Relevant departments and localities should strictly control the pass and resolutely take down projects that do not meet the requirements! Party committees and governments at all levels should show the strength of grasping the iron and stepping on the stone, clarify the timetable, road map and construction drawings, and promote economic and social development on the basis of efficient utilization of resources and green and low-carbon development. Second, we will deepen the fight against pollution. At present, the people have higher expectations for the quality of the ecological environment and lower tolerance for ecological environmental problems. We should focus on tackling the outstanding ecological and environmental problems around the people, so that the people can truly feel the improvement of ecological and environmental quality. We should adhere to precise, scientific and legal pollution control, maintain strength, expand depth and breadth, and continue to fight for the blue sky, clear water and pure land. We should strengthen coordinated control of multiple pollutants and regional governance, strengthen coordinated control of fine particulate matter and ozone, and basically eliminate heavily polluted weather. We should make overall plans for the management of water resources, water environment and water ecology, strengthen the prevention and control of pollution in rivers, lakes and reservoirs and ecological protection, build beautiful bays, effectively protect the safety of drinking water for residents, and resolutely control black and smelly water bodies in cities. We should promote the prevention and control of soil pollution and effectively control the risk of soil pollution from agricultural land and construction land. It is necessary to classify, reduce and recycle garbage, strengthen the treatment of white pollution, strengthen the collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste, strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, and pay attention to the treatment of new pollutants. We should promote the extension of pollution control to towns and villages, strengthen the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and significantly improve the rural living environment. Third, improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem. This is not only an inevitable requirement to increase the supply of high-quality ecological products, but also an important means to mitigate and adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. "When plants are planted, the country is rich." Good ecology itself contains economic and social values. We should adhere to the concept of system, proceed from the integrity of the ecosystem, promote the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and pay more attention to comprehensive, systematic and source control. We should speed up the construction of a system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body, and improve the regulatory system of nature reserves and ecological protection red line. We should establish and improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, so that the protection and restoration of the ecological environment can receive reasonable returns, and the destruction of the ecological environment can pay a corresponding price. We should scientifically promote the comprehensive control of desertification, rocky desertification and soil erosion, and carry out large-scale land greening. We should promote the rehabilitation of grasslands, forests, rivers and lakes, implement a ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, and improve the system of fallow and rotation of cultivated land. We should implement major projects for biodiversity protection, strengthen the control of alien species, and hold the 15th Conference of the parties to the Convention on biological diversity. Fourth, actively promote global sustainable development. Protecting the ecological environment and coping with climate change are common challenges facing all mankind. We should uphold the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, actively participate in global environmental governance, strengthen international cooperation in addressing climate change, marine pollution control, biodiversity protection and other fields, conscientiously implement international conventions, take the initiative to undertake environmental governance obligations that are commensurate with national conditions, development stages and capabilities, provide more public goods for the world, constantly strengthen institutional rights, and achieve a balance between obligations and rights, Display the image of China as a responsible big country. We should give full play to the leading role of major developing countries, strengthen South South cooperation and cooperation with neighboring countries, provide financial and technical support to developing countries within our capabilities, help improve environmental governance capacity, and jointly build a green "the Belt and Road". We should adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the principle of fairness, and respective capabilities